Acyl radicals: intermolecular and intramolecular alkene addition reactions
摘要:
A full study of the use of phenyl selenoesters as precursors to acyl radicals and their subsequent participation in intermolecular and intramolecular alkene addition reactions is detailed. Primary alkyl-, vinyl-, and aryl-substituted acyl radicals generated by Bu3SnH treatment of the corresponding phenyl selenoesters participate cleanly in intermolecular addition reactions with alkenes bearing electron-withdrawing or radical-stabilizing substituents at rates that exceed those of the potentially competitive decarbonylation or reduction. Similarly, their intramolecular addition to activated or unactivated alkenes proceeds without significant competitive reduction or decarbonylation and at rates generally greater-than-or-equal-to 1 x 10(6) s-1 with some occurring at rates greater-than-or-equal-to 3 x 10(7) s-1. Consistent with their behavior in intermolecular addition reactions, the 5-exo-trig cyclizations of secondary and tertiary alkyl-substituted acyl radicals to an unactivated olefin acceptor may be accompanied by varying degrees of decarbonylation, even under low-temperature free-radical reaction conditions. Studies are presented which suggest that the intramolecular additions of acyl radicals to alkenes under the conditions detailed herein may be regarded as irreversible, kinetically controlled processes which exhibit regioselectivity that is predictable based on well-established empirical rules set forth for the analogous free-radical cyclization reactions of alkyl radicals.
Compounds of the Formulae: ##STR1## are antagonists of leukotrienes of C.sub.4, D.sub.4 and E.sub.4, the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. These compounds are useful as anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective agents.
Use of leukotriene antagonists for producing cytoprotective pharmaceutical compositions and process for producing cytoprotective pharmaceutical compositions
申请人:Merck & Co., Inc.
公开号:EP0156233A2
公开(公告)日:1985-10-02
Leukotriene antagonists have been found to be useful for inducing cytoprotection via an unspecified mechanism. Specific therapeutic utilities include, erosive gastritis, erosive esophagitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and induced hemorrhagic gastric erosions such as those caused by indomethacin or ethanol.
The leukotriene antagonists are used to produce cytoprotective pharmaceutical compositions. In a process for producing cytoprotective pharmaceutical compositions the leukotriene antagonists are incorporated into a corresponding composition in a cytoprotective effective amount.