The condensation of some cycloalkanes with carbon monoxide under pressure, in the presence of AlCl3 at normal or slightly higher temperature has been investigated. Cyclopentane leads to cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. Methylcyclopentane yields the same products as cyclohexane, namely cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and 2-methylcyclohexanone. From methylcyclohexane, cyclohexyl methyl ketone is obtained together
The Development of the Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity
作者:Mervyn Deitel、Scott A. Shikora
DOI:10.1080/07315724.2002.10719237
日期:2002.10
Morbid obesity is defined as obesity with a body mass index greater than or equal to40, or greater than or equal to35 with secondary serious diseases. Conservative medical therapies in these individuals generally fail to sustain weight loss. Thus, surgical operations have evolved which are based on gastric restriction and/or malabsorption. Historically, the intestinal bypass operation was followed by the gastric bypass operation (in some instances combined with intestinal bypass) or by the gastric restriction operations (gastroplasty or gastric banding), Laparoscopic techniques are now being used for these operations, but require surgical expertise in both the bariatric operations and advanced laparoscopic skills. All operations may have complications, but these occur in a very small percent. Postoperative follow-up and nutritional surveillance are mandatory. The operations result in significant weight loss, and the current operations have a mean lasting weight loss of about 50 percent of excess body weight, with improvement or resolution of most obesity-associated conditions. There is evidence that even modest to moderate weight loss in these individuals has significant medical benefit.
Alicyclic studies—X
作者:David Ginsburg、Walter J. Rosenfelder
DOI:10.1016/0040-4020(57)85003-0
日期:1957.1
The stereochemistry of the bicyclo-(5:4:0)-2-undecanones is discussed. The cis-ketone is obtained by catalytic reduction of benzosuberone and is converted into the trans-ketone by treatment with sodium methoxide. Dehydrogenation experiments of both isomers are described.