A solvent-free protocol for the rhodium(I)-catalyzed intermolecular hydroacylation was achieved under microwave irradiation to furnish various ketones in high yields. The reactivity was improved by the addition of aniline as well as 2-amino-3-picoline and benzoic acid to induce a transimination, which facilitates the formation of intermediate aldimine. A comparison of the reactivity between the reaction performed under the conventional heating mode and the microwave irradiation using monomode reactor revealed an important specific microwave effect during the chelation-assisted hydroacylation. It is supposed that the observed specific microwave effect mainly originates from the formation of aldimine by condensation of aldehyde and amine, which leads to a development of charges in the transition state. This result confirms that the rate-determining step of the reaction is the initial condensation step rather than the subsequent hydroiminoacylation step.
在无溶剂条件下,通过微波照射实现了
铑(I)催化剂催化的分子间氢酰化反应,高效制备了多种
酮类化合物。通过添加
苯胺、2-
氨基-3-
吡啶以及
苯甲酸引发转
亚胺化作用,促进了中间体醛
亚胺的形成,从而提高了反应活性。与传统加热方式相比,使用单模微波反应器进行氢酰化反应的活性比较揭示了螯合辅助氢酰化过程中重要的特定微波效应。据推测,所观察到的特定微波效应主要源于醛和胺缩合形成醛
亚胺,导致过渡态中电荷的发展。这一结果证实了反应的速率决定步骤是初始的缩合步骤,而非随后的氢
亚胺化步骤。