Macrocycle Size Matters: “Small” Functionalized Rotaxanes in Excellent Yield Using the CuAAC Active Template Approach
作者:Hicham Lahlali、Kajally Jobe、Michael Watkinson、Stephen M. Goldup
DOI:10.1002/anie.201100415
日期:2011.4.26
the CuAAC activetemplate reaction not only is it demonstrated to be possible to use smaller macrocycles, but, surprisingly, that smaller macrocycles lead to higher yields of rotaxane product (see scheme). The synthesis of “small” functionalized [2]rotaxanes showcases this as a method for the production of materials with potentialapplications in molecular electronics, drug delivery, sensing, and enantioselective
Catalytic “Active-Metal” Template Synthesis of [2]Rotaxanes, [3]Rotaxanes, and Molecular Shuttles, and Some Observations on the Mechanism of the Cu(I)-Catalyzed Azide−Alkyne 1,3-Cycloaddition
作者:Vincent Aucagne、José Berná、James D. Crowley、Stephen M. Goldup、Kevin D. Hänni、David A. Leigh、Paul J. Lusby、Vicki E. Ronaldson、Alexandra M. Z. Slawin、Aurélien Viterisi、D. Barney Walker
DOI:10.1021/ja073513f
日期:2007.10.1
metal ions (rapid shuttling is observed with Cu(I), slow shuttling with Pd(II)). Under active-metal template reaction conditions that feature a high macrocycle:copper ratio, [3]rotaxanes (two macrocycles on a threadcontaining a single triazole ring) are also produced during the reaction. The latter observation shows that under these conditions the mechanism of the Cu(I)-catalyzed terminal alkyne-azide
High yielding synthesis of 2,2′-bipyridine macrocycles, versatile intermediates in the synthesis of rotaxanes
作者:J. E. M. Lewis、R. J. Bordoli、M. Denis、C. J. Fletcher、M. Galli、E. A. Neal、E. M. Rochette、S. M. Goldup
DOI:10.1039/c6sc00011h
日期:——
We present a simple approach to bipyridine macrocycles in remarkable yields (typically >65%) and demonstrate their application in efficient rotaxane synthesis.
作者:Stephen M. Goldup、David A. Leigh、Tao Long、Paul R. McGonigal、Mark D. Symes、Jhenyi Wu
DOI:10.1021/ja9070317
日期:2009.11.4
The synthesis of [2]catenanes by single macrocyclization and double macrocyclization strategies using Cu(I) ions to catalyze covalent bond formation while simultaneously acting as the template for the mechanically interlockedstructure is reported. These "active metal template" strategies employ appropriately functionalized pyridine ether or bipyridine ligands and either the CuAAC "click" reaction
[2]Rotaxanes through Palladium Active-Template Oxidative Heck Cross-Couplings
作者:James D. Crowley、Kevin D. Hänni、Ai-Lan Lee、David A. Leigh
DOI:10.1021/ja075219t
日期:2007.10.1
Pd(II)-catalyzed cross-couplings have been utilized in the efficientsynthesis of [2]rotaxanes via an active-metal template strategy. The reaction is efficient, mild, and substrate-tolerant and uses only catalytic amounts of the Pd(II) template. In contrast, attempts using traditional Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-couplings led only to non-interlocked thread and no rotaxane.