Peniphenone and Penilactone Formation in <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> via 1,4-Michael Additions of <i>ortho</i>-Quinone Methide from Hydroxyclavatol to γ-Butyrolactones from Crustosic Acid
作者:Jie Fan、Ge Liao、Florian Kindinger、Lena Ludwig-Radtke、Wen-Bing Yin、Shu-Ming Li
DOI:10.1021/jacs.9b00110
日期:2019.3.13
a cytochrome P450 ClaJ. Oxidation of clavatol to hydroxyclavatol by a nonheme FeII/2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase ClaD and its spontaneous dehydration to an ortho-quinone methide initiate the two nonenzymatic 1,4-Michael addition steps. Spontaneous addition of the methide to the γ-butyrolactones led to peniphenone D and penilactone D, which undergo again stereospecific attacking by methide to give
Penilactones A 和 B 由一个 γ-丁内酯和两个克拉维醇部分组成。我们确定了两个独立的基因簇,用于在硬壳青霉中生物合成这些关键构建块。基因缺失、喂养实验和生化研究证明,非还原性 PKS ClaF 负责克拉维醇的形成,而 PKS-NRPS 杂种 TraA 参与甲壳酸的形成,甲壳酸经过脱羧和异构化为主要的土酸。两种酸都被提议在细胞色素 P450 ClaJ 的参与下转化为 γ-丁内酯。非血红素 FeII/2-酮戊二酸依赖性加氧酶 ClaD 将克拉瓦醇氧化为羟基克拉瓦醇,并自发脱水为邻醌甲基化物,从而启动两个非酶促 1,4-迈克尔加成步骤。