Song Repertoire Across the Generations: A Comparison of Music Therapy Majors' and Senior Citizens' Recognitions
作者:C. A. Prickett、M. S. Bridges
DOI:10.1093/jmt/37.3.196
日期:2000.9.1
This study examined whether a basic song repertoire of folk-type melodies which can be accompanied with principal triads exists in the senior citizen population and compared this repertoire with that of music therapy students. An audiotape of the tunes of 25 standard songs, assumed in previous research to be known by everyone who has finished 6th grade, was played for undergraduate music therapy students (N = 78) and for healthy, active senior citizens (N = 78). None of the senior citizens had received any music therapy services, although many were involved in music activities such as the senior choir at church. Music therapy majors identified significantly more tunes than did the older listeners. Further analysis indicated that there is a good deal of overlap in the repertoires of these two groups. Sixteen tunes were recognized by 80% of therapy students; 10 songs were recognized by 80% of the seniors; the 10 songs identified by these seniors were 10 of the top 11 identified by the college students (“Kumbaya” was not known by the older listeners). Six songs could not be named by 50% of the students; 7 songs could not be named by 50% of the seniors; these two lists contained five common selections (“Oh Shenandoah,” “Kookaburra,” “Down in the Valley,” “Shalom Chaverim,” and “Tinga Layo”). Given the growth of the senior segment of the American population, the expansion of services for them, and the popularity of including music activities among these services, it would appear that music therapy students' basic knowledge of a repertoire of songs which are known to older people and which can easily be accompanied with principal triads is adequate, even though the range of songs which could be identified was broad (11–24) and the mean correctly named was merely 70.82% of a set which other investigators, teachers, and professional organizations have said represent a minimal repertoire for all citizens beyond the 6th grade.
本研究检验了老年人群中是否存在可以伴奏主要三和弦的民间旋律的基本歌曲曲目,并将该曲目与音乐治疗学生的曲目进行了比较。之前的研究假设所有读完六年级的人都知道 25 首标准歌曲曲调的录音带,并为本科音乐治疗学生 (N = 78) 和健康、活跃的老年人 (N = 78) 播放。尽管许多老年人参与了音乐活动,例如教堂的高级唱诗班,但没有一个老年人接受过任何音乐治疗服务。音乐治疗专业的学生比年长的听众识别出更多的曲子。进一步的分析表明,这两个群体的曲目有很多重叠。 80% 的治疗学生认可了 16 首曲子; 10首歌曲被80%的学长认可;这些老年人识别的 10 首歌曲是大学生识别的前 11 首歌曲中的 10 首(“Kumbaya”不为年长的听众所熟知)。 50%的学生不能说出六首歌曲的名字; 7首歌曲50%的前辈都无法说出名字;这两个列表包含五个常见选择(“Oh Shenandoah”、“Kookaburra”、“Down in the Valley”、“Shalom Chaverim”和“Tinga Layo”)。鉴于美国老年人口的增长、为他们提供的服务的扩展以及这些服务中包含音乐活动的普及,音乐治疗学生似乎对老年人熟知的歌曲曲目有了基本的了解。尽管可以识别的歌曲范围很广(11-24),并且正确命名的平均数仅为其他研究人员、教师和专业人士所掌握的一组歌曲的 70.82%,但能够轻松地与主要三和弦伴奏的歌曲就足够了。一些组织表示,这是六年级以上所有公民的最低限度曲目。