異氫莰烯 | 20536-40-7

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 中文名称: 異氫莰烯
• 中文别名: 异莰烷；異莰烷
• 英文名称: (+/-)-endo-Isocamphan
• 英文别名: (+)-Endo-2,2,3-trimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane；(1R,3S,4S)-2,2,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
• CAS: 20536-40-7
• 化学式: C₁₀H₁₈
• 分子量: 138.253
• InChiKey: XETQTCAMTVHYPO-XHNCKOQMSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.9
• 重原子数：
  10
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 生成 異氫莰烯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Sabrodina, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1948, vol. 63, p. 275,277

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Environmentally responsible, safe, and chemoselective catalytic hydrogenation of olefins: ppm level Pd catalysis in recyclable water at room temperature
  作者：Balaram S. Takale、Ruchita R. Thakore、Eugene S. Gao、Fabrice Gallou、Bruce H. Lipshutz

  DOI：10.1039/d0gc02087g

  日期：——

  Textbook catalytic hydrogenations are typically presented as reactions done in organic solvents and oftentimes under varying pressures of hydrogen using specialized equipment. Catalysts new and old are all used under similar conditions that no longer reflect the times. By definition, such reactions are both environmentally irresponsible and dangerous, especially at industrial scales. We now report

  教科书中的催化加氢通常表示为在有机溶剂中进行的反应，通常是使用专用设备在变化的氢气压力下进行。新催化剂和旧催化剂都在相似的条件下使用，不再反映时代。根据定义，这种反应在环境上既不负责任又危险，特别是在工业规模上。现在，我们报告一种使用从商业上可买到的，便宜的和可回收的Pd / C中加入的ppm钯钯，以及在1个大气压下使用的氢气，对水中的烯烃进行化学选择性和安全氢化的一般方法。各种烯烃都适合还原，包括末端，高度取代的内部和各种共轭阵列。在大多数情况下，仅500 ppm的异质Pd / C就足够了，室温下可循环水中使用的胶束催化可实现此功能。与几种新引入的以贱金属为特征的催化剂的比较说明了水中化学的优越性。
• Selective reduction of tertiary alkyl, benzyl, and allyl halides to hydrocarbons using lithium 9,9-di-n-butyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanate
  作者：Hiroo Toi、Yoshinori Yamamoto、Akio Sonoda、Shun-Ichi Murahashi

  DOI：10.1016/s0040-4020(01)97982-7

  日期：——

  The title 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane(9-BBN) ate complex (1) brings about selective removal of tertiary alkyl, benzyl and allyl halides to give the corresponding hydrocarbons in excellent yields without concomitant attack on secondary, primary and aryl derivatives. The reduction of cis- and trans - 4 - t - butyl - 1 - methylcyclohexyl chlorides (2) with 1 gives 4 - t - butyl - 1 - methylcyclohexanes

  标题9-borabicyclo [3.3.1]壬烷（9-BBN）配合物（1）可以选择性地除去叔烷基，苄基和烯丙基卤，从而以优异的收率得到相应的烃，而不会伴随着对仲，伯和芳基的攻击衍生品。的还原顺式-和反式- 4 -吨-丁基- 1 -甲基环己基氯化物（2）与1给出4 -吨-丁基- 1 - methylcyclohexanes（3），在环己烷的配置的局部反转，而在苯给出热力学稳定的反式- 3为主。1,1-二甲基-5-己烯基氯化物的反应（4）和1,7,7- -三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚- 2 -基磺酰氯（8）配有1继续进行到碳离子中间特性的重排。要求1所述的还原-乙基- 1 -甲基戊基氯与1如下二阶速率方程。
• Aerobic Reduction of Olefins by In Situ Generation of Diimide with Synthetic Flavin Catalysts
  作者：Yasushi Imada、Hiroki Iida、Takahiro Kitagawa、Takeshi Naota

  DOI：10.1002/chem.201003278

  日期：2011.5.16

  5‐bis(acylamino)pyridine 15 exhibit unprecedented catalytic activities, with the reduction of aromatic and hydroxy olefins proceeding significantly faster when a higher‐generation dendrimer is used as a host pair for the association catalysts. Contrasting retardation is observed upon similar treatment of non‐aromatic or non‐hydroxy olefins with the dendrimer catalysts. Control experiments and kinetic studies

  通过用中性和阳离子合成黄素催化剂1和2对肼进行好氧氧化，可以有效地生成通用的还原剂二酰亚胺。该技术为有氧还原烯烃提供了一种方便，安全的方法，该方法是在O 2或空气中以1当量的肼进行的。高肼效率，简便安全的处理方法和独特的化学选择性已证明了其与传统的基于气体的方法相比具有综合优势。维生素B 2衍生物6由于具有很高的利用率和可回收性，因此可作为一种高度实用，坚固的催化剂。1 b的缔合体具有树枝状2,5-双（酰基氨基）吡啶15的化合物表现出空前的催化活性，当将更高级的树枝状大分子用作缔合催化剂的主体对时，芳烃和羟基烯烃的还原速度显着加快。在用树枝状聚合物催化剂对非芳族或非羟基烯烃进行类似处理时，观察到相反的阻滞作用。对照实验和动力学研究表明，这些催化反应包括由肼生成二酰亚胺的两个独立的厌氧和好氧过程。树枝状大分子对催化反应的正面和负面影响归因于肼和烯烃底物在缔合络合物催化剂的类酶反应腔中的特定包含。
• Who Should Receive HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors?
  作者：Koon K. Teo、Jeffrey R. Burton

  DOI：10.2165/00003495-200262120-00001

  日期：——

  During the last decade, the development of the HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, commonly referred to as ‘statins’, has contributed greatly to cholesterol lowering therapy and cardiovascular risk reduction. These agents are well tolerated and efficacious. Data on nearly 30 000 patients from five long-term randomised, placebo-controlled trials of statins have clearly demonstrated that a broad range of individuals can benefit from such therapy. These include men or women, younger or older individuals, those with elevated or normal cholesterol levels, with or without myocardial infarction or symptomatic coronary heart disease, with or without hypertension or diabetes mellitus, and those who are smokers or non-smokers. Benefits include reductions in the risks for myocardial infarction, and coronary, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, stroke and the need for coronary revascularisation. Results of the recently completed Heart Protection Trial have clearly confirmed the results of the earlier trials and support the use of statin therapy in secondary prevention. The role of statins in acute coronary syndromes is being actively evaluated and appears promising. In primary prevention, the data are not as convincing and generalisations cannot be made as to whether, and in which subgroup, drug therapy to lower low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol should be initiated. There are important cost implications to consider and the use of statin therapy has to be judged on an individual basis, particularly in those with high or very high LDL cholesterol levels and/or with multiple risk factors rendering them at high short- and long-term risk of coronary heart disease. There is evidence of a ‘care gap’ in translating trial data into practice, even in secondary prevention, and this needs closing in order to improve patient outcomes.

  过去十年间，HMG CoA 还原酶抑制剂（通常称为 "他汀类药物"）的开发为降低胆固醇治疗和减少心血管风险做出了巨大贡献。这些药物具有良好的耐受性和疗效。他汀类药物的五项长期随机安慰剂对照试验中近 3 万名患者的数据清楚地表明，许多人都能从这种疗法中获益。这些患者包括男性或女性、年轻或年长者、胆固醇水平升高或正常者、有或没有心肌梗死或无症状冠心病者、有或没有高血压或糖尿病者、吸烟或不吸烟者。该疗法的益处包括降低心肌梗死、冠心病、心血管疾病和全因死亡率、中风以及冠状动脉血运重建需求的风险。最近完成的心脏保护试验结果明确证实了早期试验的结果，并支持在二级预防中使用他汀类药物治疗。他汀类药物在急性冠状动脉综合征中的作用正在积极评估中，似乎很有希望。在一级预防方面，数据并不那么令人信服，对于是否应该开始药物治疗以降低低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇，以及在哪个亚组中开始药物治疗，还不能一概而论。他汀类药物的使用必须根据个体情况来判断，尤其是那些低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇水平较高或非常高和/或存在多种风险因素的人群，他们在短期和长期内都面临着冠心病的高风险。有证据表明，在将试验数据转化为实践方面存在 "护理差距"，即使在二级预防方面也是如此，因此需要弥补这一差距，以改善患者的治疗效果。
• Maier, Wilhelm F.; Thies, Irina; Rague Schleyer, Paul von, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung, Teil B: Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie, 1982, vol. 37, # 3, p. 392 - 394
  作者：Maier, Wilhelm F.、Thies, Irina、Rague Schleyer, Paul von

  DOI：——

  日期：——