Direct Palladium-Catalyzed C-2 and C-3 Arylation of Indoles: A Mechanistic Rationale for Regioselectivity
作者:Benjamin S. Lane、Meghann A. Brown、Dalibor Sames
DOI:10.1021/ja043273t
日期:2005.6.1
We have recently developed palladium-catalyzed methods for directarylation of indoles (and other azoles) wherein high C-2 selectivity was observed for both free (NH)-indole and (NR)-indole. To provide a rationale for the observed selectivity (“nonelectrophilic” regioselectivity), mechanistic studies were conducted, using the phenylation of 1-methylindole as a model system. The reaction order was determined
A palladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling between diarylamines and olefins has been discovered for the synthesis of substituted indoles. This intermolecular annulation approach incorporates readily available olefins for the first time and obviates the need of any additional directing group. An ortho palladation, olefin coordination, and β‐migratory insertion sequence has been proposed for the
CNT-CuO catalyzed C–N bond formation for N-arylation of 2-phenylindoles
作者:Jeongah Lim、Ji Dang Kim、Hyun Chul Choi、Sunwoo Lee
DOI:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120970
日期:2019.12
Carbon nanotube-copper oxide (CNT-CuO) nanocomposites were prepared by depositing CuO nanoparticles onto functionalized CNT surfaces. The structure and elemental content of CNT-CuO were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The prepared CNT-CuO was subsequently employed as a catalyst for the coupling reaction of 2-phenylindole with aryl iodides to provide the desired N-aryl 2-phenylindoles in good yields. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Indium-Catalyzed Annulation of 2-Aryl- and 2-Heteroarylindoles with Propargyl Ethers: Concise Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Diverse Aryl- and Heteroaryl-Annulated[<i>a</i>]carbazoles
is applicable also to symmetrical dimers such as bithiophene and bifuran derivatives. Mechanisticstudies suggest that the first step is addition reaction initiated by regioselective nucleophilic attack of the C3 of 2-aryl- and 2-heteroarylindoles to the internal carbon atom of the C[triple bond]C bond in propargyl ethers. The next stage is ring-closing S(N)2 process kicking out the alkoxy group and
Direct C−H Bond Arylation: Selective Palladium-Catalyzed C2-Arylation of <i>N</i>-Substituted Indoles
作者:Benjamin S. Lane、Dalibor Sames
DOI:10.1021/ol0490072
日期:2004.8.1
We present a new, practical method by which N-substituted indoles may be selectively arylated in the C2-position with good yields, low catalyst loadings, and a high degree of functional group tolerance. Our investigation found that two competitive processes, namely, the desired cross-coupling and biphenyl formation, were operative in this reaction. A simple kinetic model was formulated that proved