**Overdose** Overdosage has never been observed with sucralfate. It is unlikely, as administering a maximum dose of up to 12 g/kg/body weight in several animal species did not result in death. The lethal dose could not be determined in these studies. It is likely that overdose of sucralfate in humans would result in constipation, and supportive treatment would be advised. **Use in pregnancy** This drug is considered a pregnancy Category B drug. Studies have been performed in rodents and rabbits at doses up to 50 times the recommended human dose. No harm to the fetus has been observed in the abovementioned studies. Sufficient and well-controlled clinical trials have not been performed in pregnant women. Due to the fact that the results of animal studies are not always relevant to human response, sucralfate should be used during pregnancy only if it is deemed essential for the mother's health. **Use in nursing** Whether this drug is excreted in human milk is currently unknown. Many drugs are excreted in breast milk, therefore, if sucralfate is administered to a lactating and nursing woman, caution should be observed. **Carcinogenesis** 24 month toxicity studies were performed in rodents, and the dose of sucralfate reached up to 1 g/kg (equivalent to 12 times the recommended human dose). No signs of sucralfate-related tumors were noted.
参考文献：M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物标签用于研究药物诱导的肝损伤，《药物发现今日》，16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank：按人类发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。《药物发现今日》2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
This drug is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in very minimal quantities. The adsorbed sulfated disaccharide is excreted in the urine. This drug contains aluminum and after the administration of 1 g of sucralfate 4 times per day, about 0.001% to 0.017% of this aluminum content is absorbed in patients with normal renal function. This number is expected to increase in those with impaired renal function.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
消除途径
这种药物被吸收的微不足道的量主要在48小时内通过尿液排出。
The negligible amount of this drug that is absorbed is excreted mainly in the urine within 48 hours.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
分布容积
这种药物吸收量非常小，通常局限于发炎的胃肠病变部位。
This drug is absorbed in a very small quantity, and normally localizes to inflamed gastrointestinal lesions.
Sucralfate contains aluminum. The administration of sucralfate in non-dialyzed chronic renal failure patients warrants careful consideration from the treating physician as the excretion of absorbed aluminum may be decreased, causing possible aluminum toxicity. In dialyzed patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure, aluminum toxicity related to sucralfate has been observed and reported. The daily amount of aluminum ingestion (including sucralfate) should be carefully examined before administering sucralfate in combination with other drugs also containing aluminum, including various antacids.
