Structure-Activity Relationships of Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitor FR258900 and Its Analogues: A Combined Synthetic, Enzyme Kinetics, and Computational Study
of L‐malic, 3‐hydroxypentanedioic, and L‐glutamic acids were synthesized as analogues of the natural product glycogenphosphorylase (GP) inhibitor FR258900 (2,3‐bis(4‐hydroxycinnamoyloxy)glutaric acid). These compounds proved practically inactive against rabbitmuscleglycogenphosphorylase b. A structure–activity study involving previously synthesized tartaric acid analogues of FR258900 revealed that
Structure−Activity Relationships: Analogues of the Dicaffeoylquinic and Dicaffeoyltartaric Acids as Potent Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase and Replication
作者:Peter J. King、Guoxiang Ma、Wenfang Miao、Qi Jia、Brenda R. McDougall、Manfred G. Reinecke、Chris Cornell、Jean Kuan、Tracey R. Kim、W. Edward Robinson
DOI:10.1021/jm9804735
日期:1999.2.1
The dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCQAs) and dicaffeoyltartaric acids (DCTAs) are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase. They also inhibit HIV-1 replication at nontoxic concentrations; Since integrase is an excellent target for anti-HIV therapy, structure-activity relationships were employed to synthesize compounds with: (1) improved potency against HIV-1 integrase, (2) improved anti-HIV effect in tissue culture, and (3) increased selectivity as indicated by low cellular toxicity. Thirty-four analogues of the DCTAs and DCQAs were synthesized and tested for cell toxicity, anti-HIV activity, and inhibition of HIV-1 integrase. Seventeen of the 34 analogues had potent activity against HIV-1 integrase ranging from 0.07 to >10 mu M. Seventeen analogues that were synthesized or purchased had no inhibitory activity against integrase at concentrations of 25 mu M. Of the biologically active analogues, 7 of the 17 inhibited HIV replication at nontoxic concentrations. The most potent compounds were D-chicoric acid, meso-chicoric acid, bis(3,4-dihydroxydihydrocinnamoyl)-L-tartaric acid, digalloyl-L-tartaric acid, bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-tartaric acid, dicaffeoylglyceric acid, and bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetyl)-L-tartaric acid. Anti-HIV activity of the active compounds in tissue culture ranged from 35 to 0.66 mu M. Structure-activity relationships demonstrated that biscatechol moieties were absolutely required for inhibition of integrase, while at least one free carboxyl group was required for anti-HIV activity. These data demonstrate that analogues of the DCTAs and the DCQAs can be synthesized which have improved activity against HIV integrase.