A facile synthesis of bicyclo[m.n.1]alkan-1-ols. Evidence for organosamarium intermediates in the samarium(II) iodide promoted intramolecular Barbier-type reaction
摘要:
Samarium(II) iodide (SmI2) has been successfully employed as a reductive coupling agent for the intramolecular Barbier-type synthesis of bicyclo[m.n.1]alkan-1-ols. Thus, a variety of 3-(omega-iodoalkyl)cycloalkanones, upon treatment with SmI2 and a catalytic quantity of iron complex in tetrahydrofuran (THF), provide the title compounds in excellent yields. The reaction is quite general for the construction of diverse bicyclic ring systems, including the highly strained bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-1-ol. In addition to exploring the synthetic utility of this reaction, studies have been performed which provide insight on the mechanistic details of the SmI2-promoted intramolecular Barbier-type synthesis. Compelling evidence for the intermediacy of organosamarium species has thus been gathered.
Synthesis of bicyclic cyclopentanols by photoreductive cyclization of .delta.,.epsilon.-unsaturated ketones
作者:D. Belotti、J. Cossy、J. P. Pete、C. Portella
DOI:10.1021/jo00372a018
日期:1986.10
Samarium(II) iodide-induced reductive cyclization of unactivated olefinic ketones. Sequential radical cyclization/intermolecular nucleophilic addition and substitution reactions
作者:Gary A. Molander、Jeffrey A. McKie
DOI:10.1021/jo00037a033
日期:1992.5
Samarium(II) iodide in the presence of HMPA effectively promotes the intramolecular coupling of unactivated olefinic ketones by a reductive ketyl-olefin radical-cyclization process. The reaction is quite general for the formation of 5- and 6-membered carbocycles and even provides modest yields in less facile cyclization processes as evidenced by the generation of methylcyclooctanol via an 8-endo cyclization. Sequential radical cyclization-intermolecular nucleophilic addition/substitution processes set the SmI2 reaction apart from its radical-chain, photochemical, and electrochemical counterparts. In addition to delineating the synthetic potential of this reaction, the role played by HMPA in enhancing SmI2 reactivity has been further refined, and a model correlating the high diastereoselectivity and product distribution in SmI2-promoted reductive coupling processes with HMPA concentration has been established.