Tigliane 酯显示出许多生物活性,包括抗 HIV-1 活性。我们在本研究中的目的是为四个系列的 tigliane 型二萜建立结构-抗 HIV 活性关系。我们合成并评估了 29 种新的佛波酯衍生物的抗 HIV 活性和对人类肿瘤细胞系的细胞毒性。其中,三种衍生物,两种佛波醇-13-单酯(5d和5e)和一种佛波醇-12,13-二酯(6a),显示出显着的抗 HIV 活性。我们发现更好的抗 HIV 活性通常与 C-13 上较短的酰基酯有关。特别是酯侧链有苯环的化合物表现出优异的抗HIV活性和良好的安全性指标。由于其具有高选择性指数的显着抗 HIV 效力,佛波醇 12,13-二肉桂酸酯 ( 6a ) 被选为进一步临床前试验的潜在候选者。
Tigliane 酯显示出许多生物活性,包括抗 HIV-1 活性。我们在本研究中的目的是为四个系列的 tigliane 型二萜建立结构-抗 HIV 活性关系。我们合成并评估了 29 种新的佛波酯衍生物的抗 HIV 活性和对人类肿瘤细胞系的细胞毒性。其中,三种衍生物,两种佛波醇-13-单酯(5d和5e)和一种佛波醇-12,13-二酯(6a),显示出显着的抗 HIV 活性。我们发现更好的抗 HIV 活性通常与 C-13 上较短的酰基酯有关。特别是酯侧链有苯环的化合物表现出优异的抗HIV活性和良好的安全性指标。由于其具有高选择性指数的显着抗 HIV 效力,佛波醇 12,13-二肉桂酸酯 ( 6a ) 被选为进一步临床前试验的潜在候选者。
Synthesis and Characterization of New Photolabile Phorbol Esters for Affinity Labeling of Protein Kinase C
作者:Kazuhiro Irie、Takashi Ishii、Hajime Ohigashi、Paul A. Wender、Benjamin L. Miller、Naohito Takeda
DOI:10.1021/jo9512867
日期:1996.1.1
Three new photolabile phorbol esters (3, 6, and 9) with a diazoacetyl group at positions 3, 12, and 13, respectively, have been synthesized from phorbol (1a) and found to bind with significant affinity to the peptide (peptide C) incorporating the phorbol ester-binding domain of protein kinase C. As required for its use as a protein kinase C receptor probe, the solution photochemistry of 3 led predominantly to insertion products. Tritium labeling of these probes at C-20 was accomplished by oxidation with activated manganese dioxide to the C-20 aldehyde and subsequent H-3-labeled sodium borohydride reduction. Initial affinity labeling studies showed that probes 6 and 9 labeled peptide C, suggesting that the introduction of a photolabile group into position 12 or 13 of the phorbol esters could be used to identify the structural features of PKC involved in its binding to activators.
Differential effects of phorbol-13-monoesters on human immunodeficiency virus reactivation
The persistence of latent reservoirs of HIV-1 represents a major barrier to virus eradication in patients treated with antiretrovirals. Prostratin is a non-tumor promoting 12-deoxyphorbol monoester capable of up-regulating viral expression from latent provirus and therefore is potentially useful for HIV adjuvant therapy and similar properties might be elicited by related non-tumor promoting phorboids. We have therefore investigated a series of phorbol 13-monoesters for their capacity to reactivate HIV latency. Using a Jurkat T cell line containing latent HIV proviruses, we found that prostratin and phorbol-13-stearate effectively activate HIV-1 gene expression in these latently infected cells, with phorbol-13-stearate being at least 10-fold more potent than prostratin, and its activity rapidly decreasing with a shortening of the acyl side chain. We further demonstrated that phorbol-13-stearate and prostratin stimulate IKK-dependent phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B alpha, leading to activation of NF-kappa B. Moreover, prostratin, phorbol-13-hexanoate and phorbol-13-stearate also activate the JNK and ERK pathways. Studies with isoform-specific PKC inhibitors suggest that the classical PKCs play a prominent role in the responses elicited by phorbol-13-stearate. Nevertheless, this compound induces a translocation pattern of the PKC isotypes alpha and delta to cellular compartments distinctly different from that elicited by prostratin and PMA. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.