Résumé The transition from micro- to nanoscale systems brings major changes to the basic physicochemical properties of polymers. The polymers of elemental phosphorus (phosphorus-containing polymers [PCPs]) display this phenomenon, for example, in magnification of reactivity, changes of self-ignition temperature and of other critical technological characteristics. It determined our special attention to the progress of synthesis technology of nanoscale inorganic polymers with the tailor-made properties. At the heart of the technology designed, there are principles of “green” chemistry which allow us to take into account the current trends in inorganic synthesis, in particular, the usage of ionizing radiation and varying of media properties for the nanoscale particle growth control. This type of the process control allowed us to move from the acting principle of physicochemical investigations “composition–properties” to a principle “synthesis conditions–composition–properties”. The control by means of varying media properties may be realized by different approaches: variation of the solvent nature (limitation on solubility of phosphorus in different solvents) and variation of media polarity and the structural organization of the solution (incorporation of ionic liquids [ILs] into the reaction media).
摘要 从微米级系统到纳米级系统的转变会给
聚合物的基本物理
化学特性带来重大变化。元素
磷聚合物(含
磷聚合物 [P
CPs])就显示了这种现象,例如反应活性的放大、自燃温度和其他关键技术特性的变化。因此,我们特别关注具有
定制特性的纳米级无机
聚合物合成技术的进展。所设计技术的核心是 "绿色 "
化学原则,它使我们能够考虑到当前无机合成的发展趋势,特别是使用电离辐射和改变介质特性来控制纳米级粒子的生长。这种类型的过程控制使我们能够从 "成分-属性 "的物理
化学研究原则转变为 "合成条件-成分-属性 "的原则。通过改变介质性质进行控制可以采用不同的方法:改变溶剂性质(限制
磷在不同溶剂中的溶解度)、改变介质极性和溶液结构组织(在反应介质中加入
离子液体 [IL])。