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美沙唑仑 | 31868-18-5

中文名称
美沙唑仑
中文别名
——
英文名称
mexazolam
英文别名
MeLex;10-chloro-11b-(2-chloro-phenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,7,11b-hexahydro-benzo[f]oxazolo[3,2-e][1,4]diazepin-6-one;methylcloxazolam;10-chloro-11b-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-2,3,5,7-tetrahydro-[1,3]oxazolo[3,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one
美沙唑仑化学式
CAS
31868-18-5
化学式
C18H16Cl2N2O2
mdl
——
分子量
363.243
InChiKey
ANUCDXCTICZJRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    172-175°
  • 沸点:
    522.2±50.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.3817 (rough estimate)
  • 溶解度:
    可溶于氯仿(少许)、DMSO(少许)、甲醇(少许)
  • 保留指数:
    2670

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    3.7
  • 重原子数:
    24
  • 可旋转键数:
    1
  • 环数:
    4.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.28
  • 拓扑面积:
    41.6
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    3

ADMET

代谢
Mexazolam迅速代谢为活性代谢物氯去甲安定和氯氧化安定。
Mexazolam is rapidly metabolized to the active metabolites chloronordiazepam and chloroxazepam.
来源:DrugBank
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
苯二氮卓类药物非特异性地与苯二氮卓受体BNZ1结合,后者介导睡眠,以及与BNZ2结合,影响肌肉松弛、抗惊厥活性、运动协调和记忆。由于认为苯二氮卓受体与γ-氨基丁酸-A (GABAA) 受体相耦合,这通过增加GABA对GABA受体的亲和力来增强GABA的效果。抑制性神经递质GABA结合到该位点时,会打开氯离子通道,导致细胞膜超极化,阻止细胞的进一步兴奋。
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors BNZ1, which mediates sleep, and BNZ2, which affects affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for the GABA receptor. Binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the site opens the chloride channel, resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of the cell.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露处理
一般支持性措施应予以实施,包括静脉输液,并保持气道通畅。低血压可以通过使用norepinephrine(去甲肾上腺素)或metaraminol(甲氧胺)来对抗。透析的价值有限。Flumazenil(安易醒)是一种竞争性的苯二氮卓受体拮抗剂,可以用作苯二氮卓过量的解毒剂。特别是,flumazenil在逆转与苯二氮卓类药物相关的中枢神经系统抑制方面非常有效,但在逆转呼吸抑制方面效果较差。然而,其使用存在争议,因为它有许多禁忌症。长期使用苯二氮卓类药物的患者、摄入降低癫痫发作阈值的物质的患者、或有心动过速或癫痫病史的患者禁忌使用。一般来说,医疗观察和支持性护理是治疗苯二氮卓过量的主要手段。尽管苯二氮卓类药物可以被活性炭吸收,但在纯苯二氮卓过量中,使用活性炭进行胃部净化并不有益,因为不良反应的风险往往超过该程序可能带来的任何潜在益处。只有在苯二氮卓与其他可能从净化中受益的药物联合使用时,才建议使用。胃灌洗(胃抽吸)或全肠道灌洗也不推荐使用。
General supportive measures should be employed, along with intravenous fluids, and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of norepinephrine or metaraminol. Dialysis is of limited value. Flumazenil (Anexate) is a competitive benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can be used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose. In particular, flumazenil is very effective at reversing the CNS depression associated with benzodiazepines but is less effective at reversing respiratory depression. Its use, however, is controversial as it has numerous contraindications. It is contraindicated in patients who are on long-term benzodiazepines, those who have ingested a substance that lowers the seizure threshold, or in patients who have tachycardia or a history of seizures. As a general rule, medical observation and supportive care are the mainstay of treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. Although benzodiazepines are absorbed by activated charcoal, gastric decontamination with activated charcoal is not beneficial in pure benzodiazepine overdose as the risk of adverse effects often outweigh any potential benefit from the procedure. It is recommended only if benzodiazepines have been taken in combination with other drugs that may benefit from decontamination. Gastric lavage (stomach pumping) or whole bowel irrigation are also not recommended.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 蛋白质结合
Mexazolam 在血浆中与蛋白质的结合率超过90%。
Mexazolam is >90% protein bound in plasma.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
活性代谢物氯去甲安定(chloronordiazepam)的达峰时间(Tmax)为1-2小时。
The active metabolite chloronordiazepam has a Tmax of 1-2h.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
Mexazolam 主要通过胆汁和粪便排出,小于10%以代谢物形式通过尿液排出。超过50%的Mexazolam剂量以代谢物氯氧氮卓形式排出。
Mexazolam is mainly eliminated in the bile and feces, with <10% eliminated as metabolites in the urine. >50% of a dose of mexazolam is eliminated as the metabolite chloroxazepam.
来源:DrugBank

SDS

SDS:f33c6f5ac46ad01a45ff238456f11e37
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反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    美沙唑仑乙醇 为溶剂, 生成 7-Chloro-5-(2-chloro-phenyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-4-ium
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Kinetics and mechanism of the acid-base equilibrium of mexazolam and comparison with those of other commercial benzodiazepinooxazole drugs.
    摘要:
    研究了美沙班(mexazolam)、氯沙班(cloxazolam)、氟沙班(haloxazolam)和氟噻班(flutazolam)的噻唑啉环开环和闭环反应,采用pH跳跃法,与之前报道的噻唑班(oxazolam)情况类似 [Kurono et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 33, 1633 (1985)]。美沙班基本上以单一异构体存在,既可以是顺式,也可以是反式(指的是3-甲基基团和11b-(2'-氯苯基)基团),与噻唑班的情况不同(噻唑班的顺式异构体/反式异构体比例约为1:1)。在pH范围1-13内,pH-速度曲线显示出两步反应。为了对这些曲线进行解释,我们提出了一种反应机制,包括通过动力学方法检测到的中间体,该中间体位于亚胺结构(噻唑啉环开环形式)和闭环形式之间。这些美沙班的动力学特性与其他苯二氮平噻唑类化合物的特性不同,这种差异是由于3-甲基基团的存在,而不是2'-氯原子的存在。根据适当的反应机制,确定了美沙班及其缺乏2'-氯的类似物(3-甲基化合物)、氯沙班、氟沙班和氟噻班的内在速率常数。
    DOI:
    10.1248/cpb.35.3831
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    7-Chloro-5-(2-chloro-phenyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-4-ium 在 borate buffer (pH=8-10.5) 作用下, 以 乙醇 为溶剂, 生成 美沙唑仑
    参考文献:
    名称:
    The acid-base equilibrium reaction of benzodiazepinooxazoles.
    摘要:
    研究了恶唑仑(10-氯-2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11b-hexahydro-2-methyl-11b-phenylbenzo [6, 7]-1, 4-diazepino [5, 4-b] oxazol-6-one)和 1, 4-苯并二氮杂卓(BDOZ)的 13 种其他衍生物的酸碱平衡反应。研究采用紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱来获得平衡常数。在大多数 BDOZ 中,质子化的物质会在与二氮杂卓核融合的恶唑烷环上迅速裂解,并与原始物质达到平衡。少数特殊化合物的平衡需要明显的时间差。从物理有机化学的角度讨论了取代基对 pKa 值的影响。
    DOI:
    10.1248/cpb.30.3810
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文献信息

  • Nitric Oxide Releasing Prodrugs of Therapeutic Agents
    申请人:SATYAM Apparao
    公开号:US20110263526A1
    公开(公告)日:2011-10-27
    The present invention relates to nitric oxide releasing prodrugs of known drugs or therapeutic agents which are represented herein as compounds of formula (I) wherein the drugs or therapeutic agents contain one or more functional groups independently selected from a carboxylic acid, an amino, a hydroxyl and a sulfhydryl group. The invention also relates to processes for the preparation of the nitric oxide releasing prodrugs (the compounds of formula (I)), to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to methods of using the prodrugs.
    本发明涉及已知药物或治疗剂的一氧化氮释放前药,其在此处表示为式(I)的化合物,其中药物或治疗剂包含一个或多个功能基团,独立地选自羧酸、氨基、羟基和巯基。该发明还涉及制备一氧化氮释放前药(式(I)的化合物)的方法,含有它们的药物组合物以及使用这些前药的方法。
  • [EN] BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS MCH RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE BENZIMIDAZOLE COMME ANTAGONISTES DU RÉCEPTEUR MCH
    申请人:TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL
    公开号:WO2013105676A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-07-18
    The present invention provides an aromatic ring compound having a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonistic action and useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity and the like. The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I) wherein each symbol as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof.
    本发明提供了一种具有黑色素浓集激素受体拮抗作用并且用作预防或治疗肥胖等疾病的芳香环化合物。本发明涉及一种由式(I)表示的化合物,其中每个符号如规范中定义的,或其盐。
  • [EN] HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉ HÉTÉROCYCLIQUE
    申请人:TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL
    公开号:WO2015005489A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-01-15
    Provided is a compound having a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonistic action and is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity and the like. A compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof.
    提供的是一种具有黑色素浓缩激素受体拮抗作用的化合物,可用作预防或治疗肥胖等疾病的药物。该化合物由以下式(I)表示:其中每个符号如规范中定义,或其盐。
  • [EN] COMPOUNDS FOR TREATING CNS DISORDERS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE TROUBLES DU SYSTÈME NERVEUX CENTRAL
    申请人:SAGE THERAPEUTICS INC
    公开号:WO2020264512A1
    公开(公告)日:2020-12-30
    Provided herein in part is a compound of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula I, and methods of using the compounds, e.g, in the treatment of CNS- related disorders.
    以下部分提供了化合物Formula (I)的结构,或其药用盐,包括含有Formula I化合物的药物组合物,以及使用这些化合物的方法,例如用于治疗与中枢神经系统相关的疾病。
  • [EN] COMPOUNDS USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OF METABOLIC DISORDERS AND SYNTHESIS OF THE SAME<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS UTILES DANS LE TRAITEMENT DE TROUBLES MÉTABOLIQUES ET LEUR SYNTHÈSE
    申请人:UNIV NORTH CAROLINA
    公开号:WO2014165816A1
    公开(公告)日:2014-10-09
    The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I): wherein variables X, Y, Z and R1 are as described herein. Some of the compounds described herein are glutamate dehydrogenase activators. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, uses of these compounds and compositions in the treatment of metabolic disorders as well as synthesis of the compounds.
    本发明提供了式(I)化合物:其中变量X、Y、Z和R1如本文所述。本文所述的一些化合物是谷氨酸脱氢酶激活剂。本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物、这些化合物和组合物在治疗代谢紊乱中的用途以及这些化合物的合成。
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