“Untypical Aging Off-Flavor” in Wine: Synthesis of Potential Degradation Compounds of Indole-3-acetic Acid and Kynurenine and Their Evaluation as Precursors of 2-Aminoacetophenone
摘要:
Kynurenine (1) and indole-3-acetic acid (2) are considered as potential precursors of 2-amino-acetophenone (3), which is regarded to be the aroma impact compound causing an "untypical aging off-flavor" (UTA) in Vitis vinifera wines. The mechanism of the formation of 3 was studied using model fermentation and model sulfuration media spiked with 1 or 2 as potential precursors. Possible degradation products such as kynurenamine (4) and kynurenic acid (5), or skatole (6), 2-oxoskatole (7), 2-formamidoacetophenone (8), 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (9), and 3-(2-formylaminophenyl)-3-oxopropionic acid (10) were evaluated by HPLC-UV of the fermentation and sulfuration media and comparison with synthesized 7, 8, 9, and 10. The synthesis of the possible precursor 4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic acid (111), a proposed metabolite of 1 failed because a spontaneous cyclization yields 5 and N-oxo-kynurenic acid (12), but not 11. It could be shown that the formation of 3 is triggered by an oxidative degradation of 2 after sulfuration with potassium bisulfite via the intermediates 10 and 8. However, no formation of 3 occurred during sulfuration of a model wine spiked with 1 or during fermentation of a model must spiked with 1 or 2.
COMPOSITION COMPRISING INTERFERON GAMMA AND AN HDAC INHIBITOR OR GONADOTROPIN RECEPTOR SIGNALLING HORMONE
申请人:Idogen AB
公开号:EP3238726A2
公开(公告)日:2017-11-01
The invention relates to the use of a composition comprising at least two compounds, each of which induces indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase, for the treatment of an autoimmune disorder or disease or immune rejection of transplants or gene therapeutically modified cells, wherein said inducers have different mechanism of action and wherein the composition gives rise to a synergistic effect on the IDO levels.
THE USE OF ZEBURALINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OR IMMUNE REJECTION OF TRANSPLANTS
申请人:Idogen AB
公开号:EP2164500A1
公开(公告)日:2010-03-24
A COMPOSITION COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO COMPOUNDS WHICH INDUCES INDOLAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE (IDO), FOR THE TREATMENT OF AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER OR SUFFERING FROM IMMUNE REJECTION OF ORGANS
申请人:Idogen AB
公开号:EP2654758A1
公开(公告)日:2013-10-30
A COMPOSITION COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO COMPOUNDS WHICH INDUCES INDOLAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE (IDO), FOR THE TREATMENT OF AN AUTOIMMUNE DISORDER OR IMMUNE REJECTION OF ORGANS
申请人:Idogen AB
公开号:EP2654758B1
公开(公告)日:2017-04-19
USE OF ZEBURALINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OR IMMUNE REJECTION OF TRANSPLANTS
申请人:Salford Leif G.
公开号:US20110300142A1
公开(公告)日:2011-12-08
The invention relates to the use of 1-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one derivative or mimetic or an analogue, derivatives, metabolites, variants or salts thereof for the manufacturing of a medicament to increase the amount of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) production in order to induce immunological tolerance as well as a method of treating a mammal in need thereof.