Characterization and Functional Analysis of 4-Coumarate:CoA Ligase Genes in Mulberry
作者:Chuan-Hong Wang、Jian Yu、Yu-Xiang Cai、Pan-Pan Zhu、Chang-Ying Liu、Ai-Chun Zhao、Rui-Hua Lü、Meng-Jiao Li、Feng-Xiang Xu、Mao-De Yu
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0155814
日期:——
A small, multigene family encodes 4-coumarate:CoA ligases (4CLs) that catalyze the ligation of CoA to hydroxycinnamic acids, a branch point directing metabolites to flavonoid or monolignol pathways. In this study, we characterized four 4CL genes from M. notabilis Genome Database, and cloned four Ma4CL genes from M. atropurpurea cv. Jialing No.40. A tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that Ma4CL3 was expressed at higher levels than the other genes, and that Ma4CL3 was strongly expressed in root bark, stem bark, and old leaves. Additionally, the expression pattern of Ma4CL3 was similar to the trend of the total flavonoid content throughout fruit development. A phylogenetic analysis suggested that Mn4CL1, Mn4CL2, and Mn4CL4 belong to class I 4CLs, and Mn4CL3 belongs to class II 4CLs. Ma4CL genes responded differently to a series of stresses. Ma4CL3 expression was higher than that of the other Ma4CL genes following wounding, salicylic acid, and ultraviolet treatments. An in vitro enzyme assay indicated that 4-coumarate acid was the best substrate among cinnamic acid, 4-coumarate acid, and caffeate acid, but no catalytic activity to sinapate acid and ferulate acid. The results of subcellular localization experiments showed that Ma4CL3 localized to the cytomembrane, where it activated transcription. We used different vectors and strategies to fuse Ma4CL3 with stilbene synthase (STS) to construct four Ma4CL-MaSTS co-expression systems to generate resveratrol. The results indicated that only a transcriptional fusion vector, pET-Ma4CL3-T-MaSTS, which utilized a T7 promoter and lac operator for the expression of MaSTS, could synthesize resveratrol.
一个由多个
基因组成的小家族编码
4-香豆酸:
辅酶A连接酶(4CL),该酶催化
辅酶A与
羟基肉桂酸的连接,这是将代谢物导向
黄酮或单木
酚途径的分叉点。在这项研究中,我们描述了来自M. notabilis
基因组数据库的四个4CL
基因,并克隆了来自M. atropurpurea cv. Jialing No.40的四个Ma4CL
基因。组织特异性表达分析表明,Ma4CL3的表达
水平高于其他
基因,并且在根皮、茎皮和旧叶中表达强烈。此外,Ma4CL3的表达模式与整个果实发育过程中总
黄酮含量的趋势相似。系统发育分析表明,Mn4CL1、Mn4C
L2和Mn4CL4属于I类4CL,而Mn4CL3属于II类4CL。Ma4CL
基因对一系列胁迫的反应不同。在伤口、
水杨酸和紫外线处理后,Ma4CL3的表达
水平高于其他Ma4CL
基因。体外酶分析表明,在
肉桂酸、
4-香豆酸和
咖啡酸中,
4-香豆酸是最好的底物,但对
芥酸和
阿魏酸没有催化活性。亚细胞定位实验结果表明,Ma4CL3定位于细胞膜,并在那里激活转录。我们使用不同的载体和策略将Ma