L-glutamic acid sodium salt monohydrate | 142-47-2

• 物质功能分类: 生物化工 - 常见氨基酸及蛋白质类
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: L-glutamic acid sodium salt monohydrate
• 英文别名: sodium (2S)-2-amino-5-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoate hydrate；L-glutamic acid monosodium salt monohydrate；monosodium glutamate hydrate；monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate；monosodium Glutamate Monohydrate；sodium glutamate monohydrate；Monosodium glutamate monohydrate；sodium;(2S)-2-aminopentanedioate;hydron;hydrate
• CAS: 142-47-2；6106-04-3
• 化学式: C₅H₈NO₄*H₂O*Na
• 分子量: 187.128
• InChiKey: GJBHGUUFMNITCI-QTNFYWBSSA-M

物化性质

• 熔点：
  232°C
• 比旋光度：
  20 -3.5° (10% soln in 5° Bé HCl); D20 +25.16° (10g MSG/100ml 2N HCl)
• 密度：
  d20 (saturated water soln): 1.620
• 溶解度：
  易溶于水；微溶于乙醇(95%)。
• LogP：
  -1.44
• 物理描述：
  Monosodium glutamate appears as white or off-white crystalline powder with a slight peptone-like odor. pH (0.2% solution)7.0. (NTP, 1992)
• 颜色/状态：
  White free flowing crystals or crystalline powder
• 气味：
  Practically odorless
• 味道：
  Meaty taste comes from contaminants in crude glutamates; sweet-saline taste in large concn; no flavor in small quantity
• 沸点：
  225 °C (decomposes)
• 旋光度：
  Specific optical rotation: +24.2 to +25.5 deg at 25 °C/D (concn = 8.0 g in 100 mL 1.0 N hydrochloric acid)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of oxides of /nitrogen and sodium oxide/.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -5.89
• 重原子数：
  12
• 可旋转键数：
  4
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.6
• 拓扑面积：
  104
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

谷氨酸在组织中通过氧化脱氨代谢...或者通过丙酮酸的转氨作用产生草酸乙酸...然后通过α-酮戊二酸进入柠檬酸循环...。谷氨酸代谢的量虽然较小，但在生理上重要的途径包括脱羧生成γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和酰胺化生成谷氨酰胺...。脱羧生成GABA依赖于吡哆醛磷酸，它是谷氨酸脱羧酶的辅酶...，谷氨酸转氨酶也是如此。维生素B6缺乏的大鼠血清谷氨酸水平升高，谷氨酸清除延迟...。/谷氨酸/

Glutamic acid is metabolized in the tissues by oxidative deamination ... or by transamination with pyruvate to yield oxaloacetic acid ... which, via alpha-ketoglutarate, enters the citric acid cycle ... .. Quantitatively minor but physiologically important pathways of glutamate metabolism involve decarboxylation to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and amidation to glutamine ... . Decarboxylation to GABA is dependent on pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme of glutamic acid decarboxylase ..., as is glutamate transaminase. Vitamin B6-deficient rats have elevated serum glutamate levels and delayed glutamate clearance ... . /Glutamic acid/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

口服给大鼠1克/千克的谷氨酸钠后，仅观察到血浆焦谷氨酸水平的小幅上升。在这些条件下，没有观察到焦谷氨酸或谷氨酸在大脑水平上的增加。

Oral dose of 1 g/kg monosodium glutamate given to rats was followed by only a small rise in plasma pyroglutamate levels. No incr of pyroglutamate or glutamate brain levels was observed under these conditions.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

谷氨酸在组织中通过氧化脱氨代谢...或者通过与丙酮酸进行转氨作用产生草酸醋酸...，通过α-酮戊二酸进入柠檬酸循环...。谷氨酸代谢的量虽然较少，但在生理上重要的途径包括脱羧生成γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和酰胺化生成谷氨酰胺...。脱羧生成GABA依赖于吡哆醛磷酸，它是谷氨酸脱羧酶的辅酶...，谷氨酸转氨酶也是如此。维生素B6缺乏的大鼠血清谷氨酸水平升高，谷氨酸清除延迟...。/谷氨酸/

Glutamic acid is metabolized in the tissues by oxidative deamination ... or by transamination with pyruvate to yield oxaloacetic acid ... which, via alpha-ketoglutarate, enters the citric acid cycle ... .. Quantitatively minor but physiologically important pathways of glutamate metabolism involve decarboxylation to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) and amidation to glutamine ... . Decarboxylation to GABA is dependent on pyridoxal phosphate, a coenzyme of glutamic acid decarboxylase ..., as is glutamate transaminase. Vitamin B6-deficient rats have elevated serum glutamate levels and delayed glutamate clearance ... . /Glutamic acid/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

口服给大鼠1克/千克的谷氨酸钠后，仅观察到血浆焦谷氨酸水平的小幅上升。在这些条件下，没有观察到焦谷氨酸或谷氨酸在大脑水平上的增加。

Oral dose of 1 g/kg monosodium glutamate given to rats was followed by only a small rise in plasma pyroglutamate levels. No incr of pyroglutamate or glutamate brain levels was observed under these conditions.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

谷氨酸钠（MSG）通过腹膜内给药（持续10天，剂量为4 mg/g体重）显著增加了大鼠肝脏、肾脏和大脑中的丙二醛（MDA）形成。同时给予维生素C、维生素E和槲皮素给接受MSG处理的大鼠，显著减少了由MSG引起的MDA增加。维生素E主要在肝脏减少脂质过氧化，其次是维生素C，然后是槲皮素，而维生素C和槲皮素在保护大脑免受膜损伤方面比维生素E表现出更大的能力。MSG在三个器官中引起的谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平降低与谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性的显著增加相对应。虽然MSG在肝脏中增加了超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性（p < 0.001），但在肾脏和大脑中显著降低了这些酶的活性。这三种抗氧化剂在改善MSG对三个器官中GSH水平和酶的影响方面是有效的。虽然MSG增加了大鼠肝脏和肾脏中葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶的活性（p < 0.001），但大脑中该酶的活性极低。在接受MSG处理的大鼠中，丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶的活性显著增加。测试的抗氧化剂显著保护了免受MSG诱导的肝脏毒性。4 mg/g剂量的MSG显著（p < 0.01）诱导了微核多色红细胞（MNPCEs）的形成。维生素C和槲皮素共同治疗抑制了MSG诱导的MNPCEs的形成（p < 0.001）...

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) administered intraperitoneally /for 10 days/ at a dose of 4 mg/g bw markedly increase malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in the liver, the kidney and brain of rats. Simultaneous administration of VIT C, VIT E and quercetin to MSG-treated rats significantly reduced this increase in MDA induced by MSG. VIT E reduced lipid peroxidation mostly in the liver followed by VIT C and then quercetin, while VIT C and quercetin showed a greater ability to protect the brain from membrane damage than VIT E. The decreased glutathione (GSH) level elicited by MSG in the three organs corresponded with marked increase in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). While MSG increased (p < 0.001) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver, it decreased significantly the activities of these enzymes in the kidney and the brain. The three antioxidants were effective at ameliorating the effects of MSG on GSH levels and the enzymes in the three organs examined. While MSG increased the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver and kidneys of rats (p < 0.001), the activity of the enzyme was abysmally low in the brain. There were marked increases in the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase in rats treated with MSG. The antioxidants tested protected against MSG-induced liver toxicity significantly. MSG at a dose of 4 mg/g significantly (p < 0.01) induced the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs). Co-treatment of rats with VIT C and quercetin inhibited the induction of MNPCEs by MSG (p < 0.001) ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

谷氨酸及其铵盐、钙盐、单钠盐和钾盐在1988年由联合粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂专家委员会（JECFA）进行了评估。委员会注意到，只有在通过灌胃给予极高剂量（>30mg/kg体重）后，肠道和肝脏的代谢才会导致系统性循环中水平的升高。摄入单钠谷氨酸（MSG）与母体乳汁中水平升高无关，谷氨酸不易通过胎盘屏障。人类婴儿对谷氨酸的代谢与成人相似。使用MSG通过饮食给药进行的常规毒性研究，在多个物种中并未发现任何特定的毒性或致癌作用，也没有在生殖和畸胎学研究中发现任何不良结果。注意到在通过注射给药或作为灌胃给予极高剂量的结果，在几个物种中产生了中枢神经系统损伤。比较研究显示，新生小鼠对神经元损伤最为敏感；年龄较大的动物和其他物种（包括灵长类）则较不敏感。即使在饮用水中一次性给予10克MSG的剂量，人类血液中的谷氨酸水平也未达到与新生小鼠下丘脑损伤相关的水平。由于人类研究未能证实MSG与“中国餐馆综合症”或其他特异不耐性有关，JECFA为谷氨酸及其盐类分配了一个“未指定可接受日摄入量（ADI）”。对婴儿没有额外的风险。欧洲委员会的科学委员会（SCF）在1991年得出了类似的评估结论。美国实验生物学联合会（FASEB）和联邦药物管理局（FDA）的后续审查结论并没有排除敏感亚群体的存在，但其他方面则与JECFA和SCF的安全性评估一致。

L-Glutamic acid and its ammonium, calcium, monosodium and potassium salts were evaluated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1988. The Committee noted that intestinal and hepatic metabolism results in elevation of levels in systemic circulation only after extremely high doses given by gavage (>30mg/kg body weight). Ingestion of monosodium glutamate (MSG) was not associated with elevated levels in maternal milk, and glutamate did not readily pass the placental barrier. Human infants metabolized glutamate similarly to adults. Conventional toxicity studies using dietary administration of MSG in several species did not reveal any specific toxic or carcinogenic effects nor were there any adverse outcomes in reproduction and teratology studies. Attention was paid to central nervous system lesions produced in several species after parenteral administration of MSG or as a consequence of very high doses by gavage. Comparative studies indicated that the neonatal mouse was most sensitive to neuronal injury; older animals and other species (including primates) were less so. Blood levels of glutamate associated with lesions of the hypothalamus in the neonatal mouse were not approached in humans even after bolus doses of 10 g MSG in drinking water. Because human studies failed to confirm an involvement of MSG in "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome" or other idiosyncratic intolerance, the JECFA allocated an "acceptable daily intake (ADI) not specified" to glutamic acid and its salts. No additional risk to infants was indicated. The Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) of the European Commission reached a similar evaluation in 1991. The conclusions of a subsequent review by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) and the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) did not discount the existence of a sensitive subpopulation but otherwise concurred with the safety evaluation of JECFA and the SCF.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP 特异性反应/：没有报告去污染措施。不存在解毒剂。支持性措施：如果胸部疼痛持续，进行心电图和心脏评估。提醒患者避免食用含有MSG（味精）的食物。

/SRP Idiosyncratic reaction/: No decontamination measures have been reported. No antidotes exist. Supportive measures: Follow with ECG and cardiac evaluation if chest pain persists. Alert patient to avoid foods with MSG.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

人类暴露研究/ ... 在6名健康对照和30名哮喘患者（7名：过敏性哮喘；15名：阿司匹林不耐受的内在性哮喘；8名：阿司匹林不耐受、酒精或食物添加剂不耐受的内在性哮喘）中测试了2.5克的高剂量。两名患者在摄入后6至10小时出现轻度支气管痉挛。讨论了不同的机制。可能涉及胆碱能机制，要么是由于乙酰胆碱合成的刺激，要么是由于反流性食管炎引起的迷走神经反射。然而，似乎需要高迷走神经高反应性才能发生哮喘。结论是，如果摄入高剂量，极少数内在性哮喘患者可能会对单钠谷氨酸不耐受。

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... A high dose of 2.5 g was tested in 6 healthy controls and 30 asthmatics (7: allergic asthma; 15: intrinsic asthma with intolerance to aspirin; 8: intrinsic asthma with aspirin intolerance, intolerance to alcohol or to food additives). Two patients presented with a mild bronchospasm, occurring 6 to 10 hours after the ingestion. Different mechanisms are discussed. A cholinergic mechanism might be incriminated, either due to stimulation of the synthesis of acetylcholine, or due to a vagal reflex elicited by a reflux esophagitis. However, a high vagal hyperreactivity seems to be needed for the occurrence of asthma. It is concluded that a very small subset of patients with intrinsic asthma might present with an intolerance to monosodium glutamate if high doses are consumed.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

/人体暴露研究/MSG（谷氨酸钠）被广泛认为是导致“中国餐馆综合症”的诱因，其中潮红被认为是反应的一部分。六名受试者通过激光多普勒流速仪监测了在MSG及其环化产物焦谷氨酸挑战期间面部皮肤血流的变化。此外，还审查了在实验室接受MSG挑战的患者的记录。在测试的二十四人中，没有引起潮红，其中十八人曾有过中国餐馆综合症潮红的历史。这些结果表明，如果MSG引起的潮红确实存在，也一定非常罕见。MSG及其环化产物焦谷氨酸可能会引起水肿和相关症状。

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Monosodium glutamate is widely regarded as the provocative agent in the "Chinese restaurant syndrome," of which flushing is regarded as part of the reaction. Six subjects were monitored by laser Doppler velocimetry for changes in facial cutaneous blood flow during challenge with monosodium glutamate and its cyclization product, pyroglutamate. Additionally, records of patients challenged with monosodium glutamate in the laboratory were reviewed. No flushing was provoked among the twenty four people tested, eighteen of whom gave a positive history of Chinese restaurant syndrome flushing. These results indicate that monosodium glutamate provoked flushing, if it exists at all, must be rare. Monosodium glutamate and its cyclization product, pyroglutamate, may provoke edema and associated symptoms.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

谷氨酸通过一种对氨基酸特异性的主动转运系统从肠道吸收。这一过程是可饱和的，可以被竞争性抑制，并且依赖于钠离子浓度...在肠道吸收过程中，大量谷氨酸发生转氨作用，因此门静脉血液中的丙氨酸水平升高。如果摄入大量的谷氨酸，门静脉谷氨酸水平会上升...这种升高导致肝脏对谷氨酸的代谢增加，从而释放出葡萄糖、乳酸、谷氨酰胺和其他氨基酸进入系统循环...谷氨酸的药代动力学取决于它是自由的还是结合在蛋白质中，以及是否存在其他食物成分。肠道腔内和刷状缘的蛋白质消化产生小肽和氨基酸的混合物；二肽和三肽可能进入吸收细胞，细胞内可能发生水解，释放出更多的氨基酸。氨基酸和肽转运的缺陷是已知的...饮食蛋白中的谷氨酸和分泌到肠道中的内源蛋白一起被消化成自由的氨基酸和小肽，两者都被吸收到粘膜细胞中，其中肽被水解成自由的氨基酸，部分谷氨酸被代谢。过量的谷氨酸和其他氨基酸出现在门静脉血液中。由于肠道粘膜细胞和肝脏中谷氨酸的快速代谢，即使摄入大量饮食蛋白后，系统血浆水平也保持低。/谷氨酸/

Glutamate is absorbed from the gut by an active transport system specific for amino acids. This process is saturable, can be competitively inhibited, and is dependent on sodium ion concentration... . During intestinal absorption, a large proportion of glutamic acid is transaminated and consequently alanine levels in portal blood are elevated. If large amounts of glutamate are ingested, portal glutamate levels increase ... . This elevation results in increased hepatic metabolism of glutamate, leading to release of glucose, lactate, glutamine, and other amino acids, into systemic circulation ... . The pharmacokinetics of glutamate depend on whether it is free or incorporated into protein, and on the presence of other food components. Digestion of protein in the intestinal lumen and at the brush border produces a mixture of small peptides and amino acids; di-and tri-peptides may enter the absorptive cells where intracellular hydrolysis may occur, liberating further amino acids. Defects are known in both amino acid and peptide transport ... .. Glutamic acid in dietary protein, together with endogenous protein secreted into the gut, is digested to free amino acids and small peptides, both of which are absorbed into mucosal cells where peptides are hydrolyzed to free amino acids and some of the glutamate is metabolized. Excess glutamate and other amino acids appear in portal blood. As a consequence of the rapid metabolism of glutamate in intestinal mucosal cells and in the liver, systemic plasma levels are low, even after ingestion of large amounts of dietary protein. /Glutamic acid/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

肠道和肝脏代谢导致仅在通过灌胃给予极高剂量（>30mg/kg体重）后，系统循环中的水平升高。摄入单钠谷氨酸（MSG）与母体乳汁中水平升高无关，且谷氨酸不易通过胎盘屏障。人类婴儿对谷氨酸的代谢方式与成人相似。

... Intestinal and hepatic metabolism results in elevation of levels in systemic circulation only after extremely high doses given by gavage (>30mg/kg body weight). Ingestion of monosodium glutamate (MSG) was not associated with elevated levels in maternal milk, and glutamate did not readily pass the placental barrier. Human infants metabolized glutamate similarly to adults.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

口服药理上高剂量的谷氨酸会导致血浆水平升高。血浆中谷氨酸的峰值水平既取决于剂量也取决于浓度……当相同剂量（1克/千克体重）的谷氨酸钠（MSG）通过灌胃的方式以水溶液给予新生大鼠时，将浓度从2%增加到10%会导致血浆下曲线面积增加五倍；在 mice中也观察到了类似的结果……相反，当MSG（1.5克/千克体重）以2%至20% w/v的不同浓度通过灌胃给予43天大的小鼠时，无法建立血浆水平与浓度之间的相关性……

Oral administration of pharmacologically high doses of glutamate results in elevated plasma levels. The peak plasma glutamate levels are both dose and concentration dependent ... . When the same dose (1 g/kg b.w.) of monosodium glutamate (MSG) was administered by gavage in aqueous solution to neonatal rats, increasing the concentration from 2% to 10% caused a five-fold increase in the plasma area under curve; similar results were observed in mice ... . Conversely, when MSG (1.5 g/kg b.w.) was administered to 43-day-old mice by gavage at varying concentrations of 2 to 20% w/v, no correlation could be established between plasma levels and concentration ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

以10% w/v溶液形式通过灌胃给予1 g/kg b.w. MSG的标准剂量，导致所有研究物种的血浆谷氨酸含量显著增加。在所有物种中，成年猴子的血浆谷氨酸峰值水平最低（是禁食水平的6倍），而在小鼠中最高（是禁食水平的12-35倍）。观察到新生儿和成年之间的年龄差异；在小鼠和 rats 中，婴儿的血浆峰值水平和曲线下面积高于成年人，而在 guinea pigs 中则观察到相反的情况。

Administration of a standard dose of 1 g/kg b.w. MSG by gavage as a 10% w/v solution resulted in a marked increase of plasma glutamate in all species studied. Peak plasma glutamate levels were lowest in adult monkeys (6 times fasting levels) and highest in mice (12-35 times fasting levels). Age-related differences between neonates and adults were observed; in mice and rats, peak plasma levels and area under curve were higher in infants than in adults while in guinea pigs the converse was observed.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

谷氨酸通过一种对氨基酸特异性的主动运输系统从肠道吸收。这一过程是可饱和的，可以被竞争性抑制，并且依赖于钠离子浓度……在肠道吸收过程中，大量谷氨酸发生转氨作用，因此门脉血液中的丙氨酸水平升高。如果摄入大量的谷氨酸，门脉血液中的谷氨酸水平会升高……这种升高导致肝脏对谷氨酸的代谢增加，进而释放葡萄糖、乳酸、谷氨酰胺和其他氨基酸进入系统循环……谷氨酸的药代动力学取决于它是自由的还是结合在蛋白质中，以及是否存在其他食物成分。肠道腔内和刷状缘的蛋白质消化产生小肽和氨基酸的混合物；二肽和三肽可能进入吸收细胞，在细胞内发生水解，释放更多的氨基酸。已知氨基酸和肽的运输存在缺陷……膳食蛋白质中的谷氨酸以及分泌到肠道中的内源性蛋白质被消化成自由的氨基酸和小肽，这些都被吸收进入粘膜细胞，其中肽被水解成自由的氨基酸，部分谷氨酸被代谢。过量的谷氨酸和其他氨基酸出现在门脉血液中。由于肠道粘膜细胞和肝脏中谷氨酸的快速代谢，即使摄入大量膳食蛋白质后，系统血浆水平仍然较低。/谷氨酸/

Glutamate is absorbed from the gut by an active transport system specific for amino acids. This process is saturable, can be competitively inhibited, and is dependent on sodium ion concentration... . During intestinal absorption, a large proportion of glutamic acid is transaminated and consequently alanine levels in portal blood are elevated. If large amounts of glutamate are ingested, portal glutamate levels increase ... . This elevation results in increased hepatic metabolism of glutamate, leading to release of glucose, lactate, glutamine, and other amino acids, into systemic circulation ... . The pharmacokinetics of glutamate depend on whether it is free or incorporated into protein, and on the presence of other food components. Digestion of protein in the intestinal lumen and at the brush border produces a mixture of small peptides and amino acids; di-and tri-peptides may enter the absorptive cells where intracellular hydrolysis may occur, liberating further amino acids. Defects are known in both amino acid and peptide transport ... .. Glutamic acid in dietary protein, together with endogenous protein secreted into the gut, is digested to free amino acids and small peptides, both of which are absorbed into mucosal cells where peptides are hydrolyzed to free amino acids and some of the glutamate is metabolized. Excess glutamate and other amino acids appear in portal blood. As a consequence of the rapid metabolism of glutamate in intestinal mucosal cells and in the liver, systemic plasma levels are low, even after ingestion of large amounts of dietary protein. /Glutamic acid/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险类别码：
  R20/21/22
• WGK Germany：
  2
• 海关编码：
  2922422000
• RTECS号：
  MA1578000
• 危险性防范说明：
  P261,P280,P305+P351+P338
• 危险性描述：
  H302,H312,H319,H332,H335

SDS

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模块 1. 化学品
1.1 产品标识符
: L-GLUTAMIC ACID, MONONA, LOW ENDO
产品名称
1.2 鉴别的其他方法
无数据资料
1.3 有关的确定了的物质或混合物的用途和建议不适合的用途
仅用于研发。不作为药品、家庭或其它用途。

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模块 2. 危险性概述
2.1 GHS-分类
非危险物质或混合物。
2.3 其它危害物 - 无

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模块 3. 成分/组成信息
3.1 物 质
: 187.13 g/mol
分子量
无

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模块 4. 急救措施
4.1 必要的急救措施描述
吸入
如果吸入,请将患者移到新鲜空气处。 如呼吸停止,进行人工呼吸。
皮肤接触
用肥皂和大量的水冲洗。
眼睛接触
用水冲洗眼睛作为预防措施。
食入
切勿给失去知觉者通过口喂任何东西。 用水漱口。
4.2 主要症状和影响，急性和迟发效应
据我们所知，此化学，物理和毒性性质尚未经完整的研究。
4.3 及时的医疗处理和所需的特殊处理的说明和指示
无数据资料

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模块 5. 消防措施
5.1 灭火介质
灭火方法及灭火剂
用水雾,抗乙醇泡沫,干粉或二氧化碳灭火。
5.2 源于此物质或混合物的特别的危害
碳氧化物, 氮氧化物, 氧化钠
5.3 给消防员的建议
如必要的话,戴自给式呼吸器去救火。
5.4 进一步信息
无数据资料

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模块 6. 泄露应急处理
6.1 作业人员防护措施、防护装备和应急处置程序
避免粉尘生成。 避免吸入蒸气、烟雾或气体。
6.2 环境保护措施
不要让产品进入下水道。
6.3 泄漏化学品的收容、清除方法及所使用的处置材料
扫掉和铲掉。 放入合适的封闭的容器中待处理。
6.4 参考其他部分
丢弃处理请参阅第13节。

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模块 7. 操作处置与储存
7.1 安全操作的注意事项
在有粉尘生成的地方,提供合适的排风设备。
7.2 安全储存的条件,包括任何不兼容性
贮存在阴凉处。 使容器保持密闭，储存在干燥通风处。
7.3 特定用途
无数据资料

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模块 8. 接触控制和个体防护
8.1 容许浓度
最高容许浓度
没有已知的国家规定的暴露极限。
8.2 暴露控制
适当的技术控制
常规的工业卫生操作。
个体防护设备
眼/面保护
请使用经官方标准如NIOSH (美国) 或 EN 166(欧盟) 检测与批准的设备防护眼部。
皮肤保护
戴手套取 手套在使用前必须受检查。
请使用合适的方法脱除手套(不要接触手套外部表面),避免任何皮肤部位接触此产品.
使用后请将被污染过的手套根据相关法律法规和有效的实验室规章程序谨慎处理. 请清洗并吹干双手
所选择的保护手套必须符合EU的89/686/EEC规定和从它衍生出来的EN 376标准。
身体保护
根据危险物质的类型，浓度和量，以及特定的工作场所选择身体保护措施。,
防护设备的类型必须根据特定工作场所中的危险物的浓度和数量来选择。
呼吸系统防护
不需要保护呼吸。如需防护粉尘损害，请使用N95型（US）或P1型（EN 143)防尘面具。
呼吸器使用经过测试并通过政府标准如NIOSH（US）或CEN（EU）的呼吸器和零件。

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模块 9. 理化特性
9.1 基本的理化特性的信息
a) 外观与性状
形状: 结晶
颜色: 无色
b) 气味
无数据资料
c) 气味阈值
无数据资料
d) pH值
无数据资料
e) 熔点/凝固点
无数据资料
f) 沸点、初沸点和沸程
无数据资料
g) 闪点
无数据资料
h) 蒸发速率
无数据资料
i) 易燃性(固体,气体)
无数据资料
j) 高的/低的燃烧性或爆炸性限度 无数据资料
k) 蒸气压
无数据资料
l) 蒸汽密度
无数据资料
m) 密度/相对密度
无数据资料
n) 水溶性
无数据资料
o) n-辛醇/水分配系数
无数据资料
p) 自燃温度
无数据资料
q) 分解温度
无数据资料
r) 粘度
无数据资料

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模块 10. 稳定性和反应活性
10.1 反应性
无数据资料
10.2 稳定性
无数据资料
10.3 危险反应
无数据资料
10.4 应避免的条件
无数据资料
10.5 不相容的物质
强氧化剂
10.6 危险的分解产物
其它分解产物 - 无数据资料

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模块 11. 毒理学资料
11.1 毒理学影响的信息
急性毒性
半数致死剂量 (LD50) 经口 - 大鼠 - 15,800 mg/kg
备注: 感觉器官和特殊感觉（鼻、眼、耳和味觉）：眼：上睑下垂。 行为的：抽搐或对癫痫阈值的影响。
行为的：运动失调症
皮肤刺激或腐蚀
无数据资料
眼睛刺激或腐蚀
无数据资料
呼吸道或皮肤过敏
无数据资料
生殖细胞致突变性
无数据资料
致癌性
IARC:
此产品中没有大于或等于 0。1%含量的组分被 IARC鉴别为可能的或肯定的人类致癌物。
生殖毒性
无数据资料
特异性靶器官系统毒性（一次接触）
无数据资料
特异性靶器官系统毒性（反复接触）
无数据资料
吸入危险
无数据资料
潜在的健康影响
吸入 吸入可能有害。 可能引起呼吸道刺激。
摄入 如服入是有害的。
皮肤 通过皮肤吸收可能有害。 可能引起皮肤刺激。
眼睛 可能引起眼睛刺激。
接触后的征兆和症状
据我们所知，此化学，物理和毒性性质尚未经完整的研究。
附加说明
化学物质毒性作用登记: 无数据资料

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模块 12. 生态学资料
12.1 生态毒性
无数据资料
12.2 持久性和降解性
无数据资料
12.3 潜在的生物累积性
无数据资料
12.4 土壤中的迁移性
无数据资料
12.5 PBT 和 vPvB的结果评价
无数据资料
12.6 其它不良影响
无数据资料

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模块 13. 废弃处置
13.1 废物处理方法
产品
将剩余的和不可回收的溶液交给有许可证的公司处理。
受污染的容器和包装
按未用产品处置。

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模块 14. 运输信息
14.1 联合国危险货物编号
欧洲陆运危规: - 国际海运危规: - 国际空运危规: -
14.2 联合国运输名称
欧洲陆运危规: 非危险货物
国际海运危规: 非危险货物
国际空运危规: 非危险货物
14.3 运输危险类别
欧洲陆运危规: - 国际海运危规: - 国际空运危规: -
14.4 包裹组
欧洲陆运危规: - 国际海运危规: - 国际空运危规: -
14.5 环境危险
欧洲陆运危规: 否 国际海运危规 国际空运危规: 否
海洋污染物（是/否）: 否
14.6 对使用者的特别提醒
无数据资料

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模块 15 - 法规信息
N/A

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模块16 - 其他信息
N/A

制备方法与用途

以下是关于谷氨酸钠（味精）的一些重要信息：

用途

1. 医药：用作药物的中间体。
2. 调味品：作为食品添加剂，增加食物风味。
3. 工业应用：作为有机合成的中间体。

生产方法

1. 原料发酵法
   • 主要以大米、淀粉或糖蜜为原料。
   • 经过糖化、发酵、提取和精制等工序获得谷氨酸。
2. 中和与精制
   • 将谷氨酸溶于水中，用含盐分少的碳酸钠或固体氢氧化钠中和至pH值6.7-7.0。
   • 中和液经脱色去铁后进行真空浓缩、结晶、分离干燥而得成品。

主要生产步骤

1. 淀粉糖化
   • 将大米浸泡砂磨，调配成相对密度1.1的淀粉浆。
   • 加入α-淀粉酶，在45℃下液化20min。
   • 温度升至100℃杀酶后压滤。
2. 谷氨酸发酵
   • 以葡萄糖为碳源，并加入适量无机盐和生物素配制培养基，灭菌后接种产生菌进行通风发酵30h。
3. 提取与精制
   • 发酵液在等电点下搅拌冷却，沉淀分离粗谷氨酸。
   • 母液经离子交换树脂洗脱，得高纯度的谷氨酸。
   • 中和、除铁、活性炭脱色、真空蒸发结晶而得成品。

重要参数

• 理论收率：92%～90%
• 成品相对密度1.28（31.5084）

安全性与法规

• 1987年，第19届联合国粮农组织及世界卫生组织食品添加剂法规委员会会议取消了对食品用味精的限量规定。

谷氨酸钠作为一种重要的食品添加剂和工业原料，在生产过程中需要注意控制各个步骤以确保产品质量和安全性。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  L-glutamic acid sodium salt monohydrate 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  US2003/18202

  摘要：

  公开号：

文献信息

• Gelling agent for oil
  申请人：AJINOMOTO CO. INC.

  公开号：US20020159961A1

  公开（公告）日：2002-10-31

  A compound represented by the following general formula (I), wherein R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 26 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl group, R3 represents a hydrocarbon group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably a linear or branched alkyl group, n represents 1 or 2 provided that the acidic amino acid residue in the molecule is L-aspartic acid residue when n is 1 and said acidic amino acid residue is L-glutamic acid residue when n is 2, and a gelling agent for an oil comprising said compound. 1

  该化合物由以下通用公式（I）表示，其中R1和R2代表具有1至26个碳原子的烃基，最好是线性或支链烷基，R3代表具有7至10个碳原子的烃基，最好是线性或支链烷基，n表示1或2，当n为1时，分子中的酸性氨基酸残基为L-天冬氨酸残基，当n为2时，所述酸性氨基酸残基为L-谷氨酸残基，以及包括该化合物的油凝胶剂。
• Selective Modification for Red‐Shifted Excitability: A Small Change in Structure, a Huge Change in Photochemistry
  作者：Yvonne Becker、Sina Roth、Maximilian Scheurer、Andreas Jakob、Daniel A. Gacek、Peter J. Walla、Andreas Dreuw、Josef Wachtveitl、Alexander Heckel

  DOI：10.1002/chem.202003672

  日期：2021.1.26

  nitrodibenzofuran (NDBF) core with D‐π‐A push–pull structures. Variation of donor substituents (D) at the favored ring position enabled us to observe their impact on the photolysis quantum yields. Comparing our new azetidinyl‐NDBF (Az‐NDBF) photolabile protecting group with our earlier published DMA‐NDBF, we obtained insight into its excitation‐specific photochemistry. While the “two‐photon‐only” cage DMA‐NDBF was

  我们基于具有D-π-A推挽结构的硝基二苯并呋喃（NDBF）核，开发了三个可向红变色，可绿光激活的光不稳定保护基。供体取代基（D）在有利环位置的变化使我们能够观察到它们对光解量子产率的影响。将我们的新氮杂环丁烷基-NDBF（Az-NDBF）光不稳定保护基团与我们较早发布的DMA-NDBF进行比较，我们获得了其激发特异性光化学的见解。虽然“仅双光子”笼式DMA-NDBF在可见光谱范围内对单光子激发（1PE）呈惰性，但我们能够在420和530 nm的辐射下从氮杂环丁烷基-NDBF有效释放谷氨酸。因此，最小的变化（仅添加一个碳原子的环化反应）会导致光化学行为发生剧烈变化，
• High Yield And Rapid Synthesis Methods For Producing Metallo-Organic Salts
  申请人：Christgau Stephan

  公开号：US20070282127A1

  公开（公告）日：2007-12-06

  A new method for preparing salts of metal cations and organic acids, especially divalent salts of alkaline earth metal ions from group II of the periodic system and carboxylic acids. The method comprising the use of a high temperature (about 90° or more) and, optionally. high pressure, in order to obtain a higher yield, purity and faster reaction speed than obtained with known synthesis methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the production of strontium salts of carboxylic acids. Novel strontium salts are also provided by the present method.

  一种制备金属阳离子和有机酸盐的新方法，特别是来自周期表II组的碱土金属离子的二价盐和羧酸。该方法包括使用高温（约90℃或更高）和可选的高压，以获得比已知合成方法更高的产量、纯度和更快的反应速度。特别是，本发明涉及羧酸锶盐的生产。本方法还提供了新型锶盐。
• HIGH YIELD AND RAPID SYNTHESIS METHODS FOR PRODUCING METALLO-ORGANIC SALTS
  申请人：Christgau Stephan

  公开号：US20090291926A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-11-26

  A new method for preparing salts of metal cations and organic acids, especially divalent salts of alkaline earth metal ions from group II of the periodic system and carboxylic acids. The method comprising the use of a high temperature (about 90° or more) and, optionally. high pressure, in order to obtain a higher yield, purity and faster reaction speed than obtained with known synthesis methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the production of strontium salts of carboxylic acids. Novel strontium salts are also provided by the present method.

  一种制备金属阳离子和有机酸盐的新方法，特别是来自周期表第II组的碱土金属离子的二价盐和羧酸。该方法包括使用高温（约90℃或更高）和/或高压，以获得比已知合成方法更高的产量、纯度和更快的反应速度。特别是，本发明涉及羧酸锶盐的生产。本方法还提供了新的锶盐。
• High yield and rapid synthesis methods for producing metallo-organic salts
  申请人：Osteologix A/S

  公开号：US08183409B2

  公开（公告）日：2012-05-22

  A new method for preparing salts of metal cations and organic acids, especially divalent salts of alkaline earth metal ions from group II of the periodic system and carboxylic acids. The method comprising the use of a high temperature (about 90° or more) and, optionally. high pressure, in order to obtain a higher yield, purity and faster reaction speed than obtained with known synthesis methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the production of strontium salts of carboxylic acids. Novel strontium salts are also provided by the present method.

  一种制备金属阳离子和有机酸盐的新方法，特别是周期表II组碱土金属离子的二价盐和羧酸。该方法包括使用高温（约90℃或更高），并选用高压，以获得比已知合成方法更高的产率，纯度和更快的反应速度。特别地，本发明涉及羧酸的锶盐的生产。本方法还提供了新的锶盐。