Two novel types of nanocellulose-based catalyst, viz. nanofibrillated cellulosesulfuricacid (s-NFC) and nanobacterial cellulosesulfuricacid (s-BC), were prepared by a simple method and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction anlaysis, and nitrogen