Biodegradable and biocompatible spherical dendrimer nanoparticles with a gallic acid shell and a double-acting strong antioxidant activity as potential device to fight diseases from “oxidative stress”
作者:Silvana Alfei、Silvia Catena、Federica Turrini
DOI:10.1007/s13346-019-00681-8
日期:2020.2
Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyphenol with remarkable antioxidant power present in several vegetables and fruits. A normal feeding regime leads to a daily intake of GA which is reasonably regarded as “natural” and “safe” for humans. It owns strong potentials as alternative to traditional drugs to treat several diseases triggered by oxidative stress (OS), but poor gastrointestinal absorbability, pharmacokinetic drawbacks, and fast metabolism limit its clinical application. In this work, a fifth-generation polyester-based dendrimer was firstly prepared as a better absorbable carrier to protect and deliver GA. Then, by its peripheral esterification with GA units, a GA-enriched delivering system (GAD) with remarkable antioxidant power and high potential against diseases from OS was achieved. Scanning electron microscopy results and dynamic light scattering analysis revealed particles with an average size around 387 and 375 nm, respectively, and an extraordinarily spherical morphology. These properties, by determining a large particles surface area, typically favour higher systemic residence time and bio-efficiency. Z-potential of − 25 mV suggests satisfactory stability in solution with tendency to form megamers and low polydispersity index. GAD showed intrinsic antioxidant power, higher than GA by 4 times and like prodrugs, and it can carry contemporary several bioactive GA units versus cells. In physiological condition, the action of pig liver esterase (PLE), selected as a model of cells esterase, hydrolyses GAD to non-cytotoxic small molecules, thus setting free the bioactive GA units, for further antioxidant effects. Cytotoxicity studies performed on two cell lines demonstrated a high cell viability.
没食子酸(GA)是一种天然多酚,具有显着的抗氧化能力,存在于多种蔬菜和水果中。正常的喂养方式导致每日摄入 GA,这对人类来说被合理地视为“天然”和“安全”。它具有替代传统药物治疗多种氧化应激(OS)引发的疾病的巨大潜力,但胃肠道吸收性差、药代动力学缺陷和快速代谢限制了其临床应用。在这项工作中,首先制备了第五代聚酯基树枝状聚合物作为更好的可吸收载体来保护和传递GA。然后,通过与 GA 单元的外周酯化,获得了富含 GA 的递送系统(GAD),该系统具有显着的抗氧化能力和对抗 OS 疾病的高潜力。扫描电子显微镜结果和动态光散射分析显示颗粒的平均尺寸分别约为 387 和 375 nm,并且具有异常球形的形态。通过确定大颗粒表面积,这些特性通常有利于更高的系统停留时间和生物效率。 − 25 mV 的 Z 电位表明在溶液中具有令人满意的稳定性,并且倾向于形成巨聚体和低多分散指数。 GAD表现出内在的抗氧化能力,比GA高4倍,并且与前药一样,它可以携带多种对细胞具有生物活性的GA单位。在生理条件下,作为细胞酯酶模型的猪肝酯酶 (PLE) 的作用将 GAD 水解为非细胞毒性小分子,从而释放生物活性 GA 单位,从而发挥进一步的抗氧化作用。对两种细胞系进行的细胞毒性研究证明了高细胞活力。