Unexpected deprotection of silyl and THP ethers induced by serious disparity in the quality of Pd/C catalysts and elucidation of the mechanism
摘要:
Commercial Pd/C catalysts show different catalytic activity toward the deprotection of silyl and THP ethers. The Pd/C purchased from Merck and ACROS exhibits marked tendency to cleave these protective groups unexpectedly without hydrogen conditions although Aldrich's Pd/C (20,569-9) is inactive in the absence of hydrogen. It was proved that the Pd/C disparity toward the deprotection of TES and THP ethers results from residual acids and/or palladium chloride in the production process of Pd/Cs. Although a TES ether cleavage reaction in the absence of hydrogen and a THP ether cleavage reaction in the presence of hydrogen using 10% Pd/C were recently published, we could conclude they were only an acid-catalyzed solvolysis, the acid being released from the catalyst. Hydrogen is essential for the actual 10% Pd/C-catalyzed cleavage of TES ethers and THP ethers which must be stable under the true Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A remarkable solvent effect toward the Pd/C-catalyzed cleavage of silyl ethersElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: characterization data and references and supplementary Tables 4 and 5. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b211313a/
Recently we have reported undesirable and frequent deprotection of the TBDMS protective group of a variety of hydroxyl functions occurred under neutral and mild hydrogenation conditions using 10% Pd/C in MeOH. The deprotection of silyl ethers is susceptible to significant solvent effect. TBDMS and TES protecting groups were selectively cleaved in the presence of acid-sensitive functional groups such as TIPS ether, TBDPS ether and dimethyl acetal under hydrogenation condition using 10% Pd/C in MeOH. In contrast, chemoselective hydrogenation of reducible functional groups such as acetylene, olefin and benzyl ether, proceeds in the presence of TBDMS or TES ethers in AcOEt or MeCN. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols: Silanolates as Hydroxide Equivalents
作者:Isabelle Lyothier、Christian Defieber、Erick M. Carreira
DOI:10.1002/anie.200602408
日期:2006.9.18
Diastereoselective Borocyclopropanation of Allylic Ethers Using a Boromethylzinc Carbenoid
作者:Guillaume Benoit、André B. Charette
DOI:10.1021/jacs.6b09090
日期:2017.2.1
borocyclopropanation of (E)- and (Z)-allylic ethers and styrene derivatives via the Simmons-Smith reaction using a novel boromethylzinc carbenoid is described. The carbenoid precursor is prepared via a 3-step sequence from inexpensive and commercially available starting materials. This methodology allows for the preparation of 1,2,3-substituted borocyclopropanes in high yields and diastereoselectivities
Unexpected deprotection of silyl and THP ethers induced by serious disparity in the quality of Pd/C catalysts and elucidation of the mechanism
作者:Takashi Ikawa、Hironao Sajiki、Kosaku Hirota
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2004.05.040
日期:2004.7
Commercial Pd/C catalysts show different catalytic activity toward the deprotection of silyl and THP ethers. The Pd/C purchased from Merck and ACROS exhibits marked tendency to cleave these protective groups unexpectedly without hydrogen conditions although Aldrich's Pd/C (20,569-9) is inactive in the absence of hydrogen. It was proved that the Pd/C disparity toward the deprotection of TES and THP ethers results from residual acids and/or palladium chloride in the production process of Pd/Cs. Although a TES ether cleavage reaction in the absence of hydrogen and a THP ether cleavage reaction in the presence of hydrogen using 10% Pd/C were recently published, we could conclude they were only an acid-catalyzed solvolysis, the acid being released from the catalyst. Hydrogen is essential for the actual 10% Pd/C-catalyzed cleavage of TES ethers and THP ethers which must be stable under the true Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation conditions. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.