dimethyl (1S,4S,5R,6S,7S,11S,12R,14S,15R)-12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-[(1S,2S,6S,9R,11S)-2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl]-6-methyl-14-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 英文名称: dimethyl (1S,4S,5R,6S,7S,11S,12R,14S,15R)-12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-[(1S,2S,6S,9R,11S)-2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl]-6-methyl-14-[(E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate
• 化学式: C₃₅H₄₄O₁₆
• 分子量: 720.7
• InChiKey: FTNJWQUOZFUQQJ-CTYLNXODSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.6
• 重原子数：
  51
• 可旋转键数：
  10
• 环数：
  8.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.77
• 拓扑面积：
  215
• 氢给体数：
  3
• 氢受体数：
  16

ADMET

代谢

向蝗虫注射三氢化氮化衍生物（22,23-(3)H）二氢氮化物，结果显示放射性标记物从血液中快速清除。在最初的7小时内，应用放射性活性的90%随粪便排出，而剩余的（22,23-(3)H）二氢氮化物积累在马氏管中，即使在处理后的24天内仍可检测到。在最初的24小时后，粪便中至少含有三种极性、未识别的代谢物，但没有（22,23-(3)H）二氢氮化物。

Injection of a tritiated azadirachtin derivative, (22,23-(3)H)dihydroazadirachtin into locusts indicated fast clearing of radiolabeled material from the blood. Ninety percent of the applied radioactivity was excreted during the first 7 hr with the feces, whereas the remaining (22,23-(3)H)dihydroazadirachtin accumulated in the Malpighian tubules where it could be detected even 24 days after treatment. After the first 24 hr, feces contained at least three polar, unidentified metabolites but no (22,23-(3)H)dihydroazadirachtin.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

皮肤去污：如果发生皮肤污染，应使用肥皂和水彻底清洗皮肤。

Skin decontamination: If skin contamination occurs, the skin should be thoroughly washed with soap and water.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

胃肠道去污：由于严重的胃肠道刺激，不建议进行胃排空和导泻。应考虑给予活性炭...

Gastrointestinal decontamination: Due to the severe gastrointestinal irritation, gastric emptying and catharsis are not indicated. Consideration should be given to administration of activated charcoal...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有需要，协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿，如有必要进行治疗……。监测休克，如有必要进行治疗……。预见并处理癫痫发作……。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中，用生理盐水连续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后，用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于无意识、严重肺水肿或呼吸停止的患者，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常。 ... 开始静脉输液，使用D5W/SRP：“保持开放”，最低流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用乳酸钠林格氏液。注意液体过载的迹象。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象。用地西泮（安定）治疗癫痫。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗。/毒药A和B/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

体征和症状：内服作为驱虫药时，印楝种子油偶尔会引起腹泻、恶心和全身不适。

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Neem seed oil produced occasional diarrhea, nausea, and general discomfort when given orally as an anthelmintic. /Neem seed oil/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)