Highly regioselective control of 1,2-addition of organolithiums to α,β-unsaturated compounds promoted by lithium bromide in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran: a facile and eco-friendly access to allylic alcohols and amines
摘要:
Very high regioselective 1,2-addition of organolithiums to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl-like compounds (ketones, aldehydes, and imines) in the presence of LiBr was achieved by carrying out reactions in the sustainable solvent 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. Excellent yields (in isolated product) of allylic alcohols and allylic amines were recovered under a simple experimental procedure at 0 degrees C. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cooperative Titanocene and Phosphine Catalysis: Accelerated C–X Activation for the Generation of Reactive Organometallics
作者:Lauren M. Fleury、Andrew D. Kosal、James T. Masters、Brandon L. Ashfeld
DOI:10.1021/jo301726v
日期:2013.1.18
transmetalation approach toward the generation of Grignard and organozinc reagents mediated by a titanocene catalyst. This method enables the metalation of functionalized substrates without loss of functional group compatibility. Allyl zinc reagents and allyl, vinyl, and alkyl Grignard reagents were generated in situ and used in the addition to carbonyl substrates to provide the corresponding carbinols in yields
Tetraorganoindium atecomplexes, prepared by the addition of organolithium reagents to trialkylindium, reacted with α,β-unsaturated ketones in a 1,4-addition fashion; allylic indates derived from allylic indium sesquihalides coupled with allylichalides regio- and stereo-specifically to give high yields of head-to-tail 1,5-dienes.
In the presence of anhydrous cerium(III) chloride, Grignardreagents react with Ketones to afford addition products in high yields, even though the substrates are susceptible to abnormal reactions with Grignardreagents alone.
The addition of Grignardreagents to ketones is significantly enhanced by cerium chloride with remarkable suppression of side reactions, particularly enolization. Some esters, which are prone to side reactions, also react readily with Grignardreagents in the presence of cerium chloride to give normal reaction products in reasonable to high yields.