协同亲核取代,称为 S N 2 反应,是合成中用于引入新官能团并构建碳-碳和碳-杂原子键1 的基本有机转化。 S N 2 反应通常涉及亲核试剂对C( sp 3 )−X 键(X=卤素或其他离去基团)的σ* 轨道的背面攻击,导致立体中心2的完全反转。相比之下,电子无偏sp 2乙烯基亲电子试剂上相应的立体反转亲核取代,即协同 S N V(σ) 反应,要罕见得多,并且到目前为止,仅限于精心设计的底物,主要发生在成环过程中3,4 。在这里,我们表明,金属化配合物中提出的应变释放机制可以加速协同的 S N V 反应,从而导致多种有机硼酸酯的通用和立体特异性亚烯基同系物的发展。该方法能够迭代并入多个亚烯基单元,从而产生以其他方式难以制备的交叉共轭多烯。还证明了其在含有多取代烯烃的生物活性化合物的合成中的进一步应用。计算研究表明,方形平面过渡态中空间应变的减少促进了一种不寻常的 S N 2 样协同途径,这解释了这种金属化物
Pericyclic Reactions of Free and Complexed Cyclopentyne
作者:John C. Gilbert、Duen-Ren Hou、Julian W. Grimme
DOI:10.1021/jo981992i
日期:1999.3.1
The selectivity between [2 + 2] and [2 + 4] cycloadditions of cyclopentyne with spiro[2.4]nona-2,4-diene depends on the mode of generating the cycloalkyne. Using diazomethylenecyclobutane and (bromocyclobutylidenemethyl)trimethylsilane as precursors affords cyclopentyne in an unencumbered form, whereas using dibromomethylenecyclobutane and 1,2-dibromocyclopentene yields a cyclopentyne-lithium bromide
Supramolecular “baking powder”: a hexameric halogen-bonded phosphonium salt cage encapsulates and functionalises small-molecule carbonyl compounds
作者:Joseph M. Marrett、Hatem M. Titi、Yong Teoh、Tomislav Friščić
DOI:10.1039/d2sc04615f
日期:——
These pre-formulated solids represent a proof-of-principle for a previously not reported supramolecular design of solid-state reactivity in which the host for molecular inclusion also acts as a complementary reagent for the subsequent chemical transformation of an array of guests. The host–guest solid-state complexes can act as supramolecular surrogates to their Wittig olefination vinylbromide products
Competitive Intermolecular Pericyclic Reactions of Free and Complexed Cyclopentyne
作者:John C. Gilbert、Duen-Ren Hou
DOI:10.1021/jo0352880
日期:2003.12.1
Intermolecular competition for cyclopentyne by different alkenes supports the hypothesis that organolithium-promoted decomposition of precursors to cyclopentyne affords one or more lithium-ion-complexed species. Competition reactions with mixtures of 2,3-dihydropyran do not clearly differentiate between complexed and unencumbered (free) forms of cyclopentyne, but those involving spirodiene 2 and cyclohexene do. Remarkably, the cycloaddition reactions of free cyclopentyne are not diffusion-controlled despite its high reactivity.