Antifungal Pharmacodynamic Characteristics of Amphotericin B againstTrichosporon asahii, Using Time-Kill Methodology
摘要:
AbstractWe determined the MIC of amphotericin B against 45 Trichosporon asahii isolates from various clinical and environmental sources, and used in vitro time‐kill methods to characterize the relationship between amphotericin B concentrations and MIC for four representative T. asahii isolates. Amphotericin B had concentration‐dependent antifungal activity. MICs ranged from 0.5 to 16 μg/ml, and most T. asahii isolates (76%, 34/45) were inhibited at safely achievable amphotericin B serum concentrations (≤ 2 μg/ml). However, 40% (18/45) of isolates were not killed at these concentrations (MFCs from 1.0 to 32 μg/ml). At concentrations ≥ 2 × MIC, amphotericin B exhibited fungicidal activity (< 99.9% reduction in CFU) over a 12‐hr time‐period; the maximal effect was achieved at ≥ 4 × MIC. Susceptibility testing confirmed the resistance of T. asahii to amphotericin B, and in vitro pharmacodynamic results also suggest that amphotericin B is not suitable therapy for T. asahii infection.
palladium-catalyzed reaction of [60]fullerene (C60) with aroyl compounds via enolate-mediated C–H activation and hydroxylation has been exploited for the first time to synthesize novel C60-fused dihydrofurans, and rare 1,4-fullerenols. Further functionalization including etherification, and esterification of synthesized 1,4-fullerenols provided efficient access to versatile fullerenederivatives. Moreover, a plausible
Intramolecular and intermolecular ipso substitutions of arylvinyl cations, i.e., α-[p-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]vinyl cations and α-(p-methoxyphenyl)vinyl cations, were studied with respect to the effect of the β substituent and phenyl group as the β substituent was found to exert a significant influence on the ipso substitution.
ISOSORBIDE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS FLAVOR MODIFIERS, TASTANTS, AND TASTE ENHANCERS
申请人:TACHDJIAN Catherine
公开号:US20130295261A1
公开(公告)日:2013-11-07
The present invention provides isosorbide derivatives having the formula shown below and certain subgenera or species thereof, as flavor or taste modifiers, particularly, savory (“umami”) taste modifiers, savory flavoring agents and savory flavor enhancers in foods, beverages, and other comestible compositions,
The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:
which inhibit RNA-containing virus, particularly the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Consequently, the compounds of the present invention interfere with the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HCV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HCV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.