Catalytic Geminal Difluorination of Styrenes for the Construction of Fluorine-rich Bioisosteres
摘要:
A geminal difluorination of alkenes based on I(I)/I(III) catalysis is disclosed, which is compatible with a range of electronically and substitutionally diverse styrenes (27 examples, up to 89% yield). Employing inexpensive p-Toll as the organocatalyst, turnover is enabled by Selectfluor-mediated oxidation to generate the ArIF2 species in situ. Extension to include alpha-substituted styrenes bearing fluorine-containing groups is disclosed and provides an expansive platform for the generation of fluorine-rich architectures.
Mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-functional organotin compounds were easily prepared in a sonicated Barbier reaction using ultrasound technology via coupling reaction of organo halides with tin halides (Bu3SnCl, Bu2SnCl2, BuSnCl3, SnCl4) mediated by magnesium metal. The di- and tri- functional organotin compounds were tested in a Stille cross-coupling reaction in order to ascertain how many groups were transferred. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.