.alpha.-Methyl polyamines: metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines
摘要:
In order to assess the tolerance of the target enzyme spermine synthase for alpha-substituents on the aminopropyl moiety of the substrate spermidine, 1-methylspermidine (MeSpd, 2) was synthesized. It was determined that MeSpd is a poor substrate for spermine synthase and is not a substrate for spermidine N1-acetyltransferase, suggesting that alpha-methylated polyamines might be metabolically stable and therefore useful tools for studying polyamine effects in intact cells. On the basis of initial cellular results with 2, 1-methylspermine (MeSpm, 3) and 1,12-dimethylspermine (Me2Spm, 4) were also synthesized. When added to cells (L1210, SV-3T3, or HT29) depleted of both putrescine and spermidine by prior treatment with alpha-(difluoromethyl)ornithine (DFMO), these alpha-methylated polyamines were able to restore cell growth to that observed in the absence of DFMO. In accord with the enzyme data noted above, metabolic studies indicated a slow conversion of 2 to 3, but no metabolism of 4 in these cells. It was concluded from these results that the alpha-methylated polyamines are able to substitute for the natural polyamines spermidine and spermine in critical biochemical processes which involve polyamines for continued cell growth. In accord with the hypothesis, preliminary data indicate that MeSpd and Me2Spm are as effective as spermidine and spermine, respectively, in promoting the conversion of B-DNA to Z-DNA.
Putrescinylthymidine was prepared by the reduction of the Schiff base formed from a 2'-deoxy-5-formyluridine derivative and N-phthaloylputrescine, followed by deprotection. The following deoxyoligonucleotides containing putrescinylthymine (TP) were synthesized; dodecathymidylic acids containing two to four TP residues, self-complementary decanucleotides (AAGAATTCTT) and dodecanucleotides (AGATAGCTATCT) in which T residues were partly replaced by TP, and related oligomers. Oligonucleotides containing TP were resistant to nuclease S1 digestion and were poor substrates to venom phosphodiesterase. The thermal stability (Tm) of the duplex structure of oligomers containing TP was not enhanced in spite of the expected electrostatic binding between the putrescinyl and phosphoryl residues, and was rather sequence-dependent.
amine precursors. The first family consisted of ditopic ligandscontaining both 1-R-tetrazole and 4-R-1,2,4-triazole moieties linked by an alkyl spacer, white the second consists of branched ligands with three azole cycles linked to a benzene core through ether bonds. Both classes are suitable for building multidimensional polynuclear coordination assemblies and for the observation of thermal spin state
The present invention relates to compounds, compositions containing them, and their use for treating medical disorders related to binding to human somatostatin receptor subtypes.
Use of somatostatin agonists and antagonists for treating diseases
申请人:Novo Nordisk A/S
公开号:US06159941A1
公开(公告)日:2000-12-12
The invention relates to the use of a somatostatin receptor ligand of nonpeptide origin, e.g. of the general formula Ia or Ib ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which has high and/or selective affinity to the somatostatin receptor protein designated SSTR4 and, for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease associated with an adverse condition in the retina and/or iris-ciliary body of a mammal. Such conditions are high intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or deep ocular infections. The diseases which may be treated are e.g. glaucoma, stromal keratitis, iritis, retinitis, cataract and conjunctivitis.
Discovery of a new class of histone deacetylase inhibitors with a novel zinc binding group
作者:Youxuan Li、Patrick M. Woster
DOI:10.1039/c4md00401a
日期:——
Small molecules featuring a hydroxamic acid or a benzamide zincbindinggroup (ZBG) are the most thoroughly studied histonedeacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. However, concerns about the pharmacokinetic liabilities of the hydroxamic acid moiety and potential metabolic toxicity of the aniline portion of benzamideHDAC inhibitors have stimulated research efforts aimed at discovering alternative ZBGs. Here