代谢
阿普米司他是通过多种途径被大量代谢的,这些途径包括氧化、水解以及与葡萄糖醛酸的结合。从其代谢过程中产生了大约23种代谢物。[A3737] CYP3A4主要介导了这种药物的氧化代谢,CYP1A2和CYP2A6酶也有所贡献。[L7498] 阿普米司他的主要代谢物M12是一种无活性的葡萄糖醛酸结合形式,是药物的O-去甲基化形式。[L7498] 其他一些主要代谢物,如M14和M16,在抑制PDE4和炎症介质的活性方面显著低于其母药阿普米司他。口服剂量后,血浆中发现了未改变的阿普米司他(45%)和无活性的代谢物O-去甲基阿普米司他葡萄糖醛酸苷(39%)。[A181235] 次要代谢物M7和M17是活性的,但只占阿普米司他浓度的约2%或更少,可能对阿普米司他的作用贡献不大。[A181235]
Apremilast is heavily metabolized by various pathways, which include oxidation, hydrolysis, in addition to conjugation. About 23 metabolites are produced from its metabolism.[A3737] The CYP3A4 primarily mediates the oxidative metabolism of this drug, with smaller contributions from CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 enzymes.[L7498] The main metabolite of apremilast, M12, is an inactive glucuronide conjugate form of the O-demethylated drug.[L7498] Some other major metabolites, M14 and M16, are significantly less active in the inhibition of PDE4 and inflammatory mediators than their parent drug, apremilast. After an oral dose, unchanged apremilast (45%) and the inactive metabolite, O-desmethyl apremilast glucuronide (39%) are found in the plasma. [A181235] Minor metabolites M7 and M17 are active, but are only present in about 2% or less of apremilast concentrations, and likely not significant contributors to the actions of apremilast.[A181235]
来源:DrugBank