酰胺加氢成胺是重要的反应,但是需要高温和H 2压力是一个问题。在温和的反应条件下(低于30 bar H 2和70°C)有效的催化剂尚未见报道。在此,通过使用Pt-V双金属催化剂首次实现了酰胺的温和氢化。酰胺氢化,在70°C下1 bar H 2或5 bar H 2下使用双金属催化剂达到室温。温和的反应条件能够在抑制芳烃氢化的同时,将各种酰胺高度选择性地氢化为相应的胺。催化剂表征表明,双金属催化剂催化活性的起源是亲氧性的V-修饰的Pt纳米颗粒,其直径为2 nm。
作者:William I. Nicholson、Fabien Barreteau、Jamie A. Leitch、Riley Payne、Ian Priestley、Edouard Godineau、Claudio Battilocchio、Duncan L. Browne
DOI:10.1002/anie.202106412
日期:2021.9.27
The direct mechanochemical amidation of esters by ball milling is described. The operationally simple procedure requires an ester, an amine, and substoichiometric KOtBu and was used to prepare a large and diverse library of 78 amide structures with modest to excellent efficiency. Heteroaromatic and heterocyclic components are specifically shown to be amenable to this mechanochemical protocol. This
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Amides to Amines under Mild Conditions
作者:Mario Stein、Bernhard Breit
DOI:10.1002/anie.201207803
日期:2013.2.18
Under (not so much) pressure: A general method for the hydrogenation of tertiary and secondary amides to amines with excellent selectivity using a bimetallic Pd–Re catalyst has been developed. The reaction proceeds under low pressure and comparatively low temperature. This method provides organic chemists with a simple and reliable tool for the synthesis of amines.
Alkyl radicals, from primary to tertiary, formed by photocatalyzed oxidation of organosilicates, are involved efficiently in radical carbonylation with carbon monoxide (CO), in the presence of various amines and CCl4, leading to a variety of amides in moderate to good yields.
Appel Reaction of Carboxylic Acids with Tribromoisocyanuric Acid/Triphenylphosphine: a Mild and Acid-Free Preparation of Esters and Amides
作者:Haryadylla da Cunha Sindra、Marcio C. S. de Mattos
DOI:10.5935/0103-5053.20160006
日期:——
A facile and efficient method for esterification and amidation of carboxylic acids under neutral conditions has been developed. Esters and amides can be prepared by reacting a carboxylic acid (1 mmol) with tribromoisocyanuric acid (0.37 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (1 mmol) in dichloromethane at room temperature, followed by addition of an alcohol or an amine, respectively.