The metabolism of bentazone was investigated in a number of toxicokinetic studies following oral (rat and rabbit) or intravenous administration (mouse) ... . Bentazone was only poorly metabolized, with the parent compound being the predominant excretion product. Only small amounts of 6-hydroxybentazone and 8-hydroxybentazone could be detected. In rats, rabbits and mice, no conjugated products were found.
6-Hydroxybentazone and 8-hydroxybentazone are major plant metabolites of bentazone. Because crops of treated plants can be consumed by humans, farm animals or pets, an exposure to both of these compounds might be expected in principle. Although both metabolites have been demonstrated to be formed in mammals and therefore can be regarded as included in toxicological testing of the parent compound, specific toxicological studies were performed. It has been shown that the 8-hydroxy and 6-hydroxy metabolites of bentazone are of comparable toxicity by the oral route of administration and are both less toxic than the parent compound. Additionally, both metabolites were negative in the Ames assay for the potential to induce point mutations in bacteria. As it is unlikely that a hydroxy group shift in the bentazone ring system dramatically changes the toxicity, it was decided to perform further investigations on 8-hydroxybentazone as a reference substance. Therefore, 8-hydroxybentazone was investigated in a subchronic feeding study, in several mutagenicity studies and in a prenatal developmental study. These investigations revealed that the metabolites have no mutagenic or teratogenic potential and are less toxic than the parent substance.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在大豆(Glycine max (Leguminatae) Merr.)和白扁豆(Phaseolus vulgaris Leguminatae)的研究中,观察到了四种未识别的共轭化合物。在叶面或根部吸收后,大豆迅速通过在6号和8号位置的羟基化代谢苯噻草。这些化合物被共轭化。对大豆田样品的分析显示,在早期生长阶段,苯噻草发生了羟基化。
In studies with soybeans [Glycine max (Leguminatae) Merr.] and navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Leguminatae), four unidentified conjugates were observed. After foliar or root absorption, bentazon was rapidly metabolized by soybeans with hydroxylation at the 6 and 8 position. These were conjugated. Analysis of soybean field samples showed hydroxylation of bentazon in early growth stages.
Although absorption and translocation of bentazon was not markedly different in resistant rice and susceptible C. serotinus, metabolism differed markedly. In rice, there was 80% metabolism of absorbed bentazon within 24 hr and 85% conversion to a major water soluble metabolite within 7 days. In C. serotinus, there was only 25-50% metabolism of bentazon in 7 days. Similar results were obtained with other resistant and susceptible plant species indicating that ability to metabolize this compound is the primary mechanism of selectivity. The primary metabolite in rice was identified by GC-MS, NMR and IR as 6-(bentazon)-O-beta-glucopyranoside. Other studies showed that the 6- and 8-hydroxybentazon were formed in about equal amounts in soybeans and that the 6-hydroxy analog predominates in wheat, rice, peanuts, Senecio sp., and Chenopodium sp.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Bentazone is a white, crystalline solid. It was formerly used as an herbicide. HUMAN STUDIES: Bentazone is irritating to eyes and mucous membranes. A 50-year-old male who had sprayed corn with a solution of bentazone was admitted to the hospital with sweating, fever, nausea, vomiting of aqueous and hemorrhagic content, and bloody, watery stools. He was treated according to the symptoms including extracorporeal hemodialysis, but eventually suffered from multiorgan failure (acute respiratory failure, acute liver failure, coagulopathy, acute renal failure, metabolic acidosis, and gastrointestinal bleeding) and died 11.35 hr after admittance. In another case, intentional poisoning with 130 g of bentazone resulted in vomiting, fever, sweating, pipe-like muscle rigidity, sinus tachycardia, drowsiness, leukocytosis, rhabdomyolysis and hepatorenal damage. ANIMAL STUDIES: Bentazone is not a skin irritant but was a moderate eye irritant in rabbits. It is a skin sensitizer in guinea-pigs. In a chronic toxicity study, bentazone was administered to rats (50 of each sex per group) via a diet at doses 0, 5, 17 and 76 mg/kg bw per day for 2 years. Statistical analysis of tumor incidence did not reveal any significance among the groups tested. Bentazone was not teratogenic in rabbits or rats. In rat developmental studies, it increased post-implantation loss, skeletal variations (incomplete or absent ossification in the phalangeal nuclei of the extremities, sternebrae and cervical vertebrae) and reduced body weights of fetuses surviving to day 21 at 250 mg/kg bw per day. Dietary administration of bentazone to rats at dose levels of 0, 300, 1000 and 3500 ppm did not result in any indication of neurotoxicity. In vitro genotoxicity studies included bacterial reverse mutation assays on Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, DNA damage and repair studies on E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and chromosomal aberration and forward mutation assays in CHO cells. In vivo studies included chromosome analyses in mice and rats, unscheduled DNA synthesis tests in mice, and mutation assays in germ cells for mice and rats. Bentazone gave negative results in all of these studies. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Bentazone affected zebrafish embryos and associated bacterial communities. It was nontoxic to bees.
WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE CHARACTERIZATION: Under EPA's 1986 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, Bentazon would be classified as evidence of non-carcinogenicity for humans, or a Group E chemical. Under EPA's proposed guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment, Bentazon would be characterized as not likely to be carcinogenic to humans by any route of exposure. Additionally, the Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs cancer peer review committee has concluded after evaluating the known and submitted studies that the animal bioassays were essentially negative for a carcinogenic effect from chronic feeding, and under the older classification system the chemical was classed as an E for carcinogenic potential. The metabolic pathways of Bentazon and the handling of it by the mammalian system are well understood and do not produce any significant suspect reactive species. The mutagenicity studies do not indicate a mutagenicity hazard from the chemical and structure-activity comparisons to similar chemical structures are negative for significant effects regarding carcinogenic potential. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: The Agency is unaware of any data available for review. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Studies were considered adequate for evaluation of the carcinogenic potential in animals. The results were considered to not be indicative of a hazard to test animals. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入和摄入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
眼睛症状
红肿。疼痛。
Redness. Pain.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Toxicokinetic studies performed on mice, rats and rabbits indicate that bentazone is rapidly and almost completely absorbed via the oral route (> 99%), and maximum blood concentrations of radioactivity are achieved in approximately 15 minutes at low doses (4 mg/kg bw) and by 1 hour at high doses (200 mg/kg bw). Administration of bentazone either as the sodium salt or as the free acid did not result in any significant differences in absorption. There was no evidence of penetration into the central nervous system or spinal cord, and elimination from other tissues was rapid, with no indication of bioaccumulation. Elimination was almost exclusively via the urine (approximately 91% within 24 hours); 5 days after dosing, less than 2% was found in feces and less than 0.02% in expired air. Biliary excretion of radioactivity was minimal. No significant differences were found in absorption and elimination among the different species investigated (rat, rabbit, mouse).
The dermal penetration of [14C]bentazone sodium salt (batch no. 210-2201, radiochemical purity 97.3%) through human skin was assessed by a single topical application of about 4933, 49.3 or 8.22 ug/sq cm of active ingredient formulated in BAS 351 32 H to split thickness skin membranes mounted on Franz-type diffusion cells. The doses represent the formulation concentrate or two representative spray dilutions (1:100 and 1:600) for field use, respectively. The study was performed using five diffusion cells per dose. ... It can be concluded that in vitro dermal penetration of bentazone formulated as an aqueous soluble (liquid) concentrate formulation of bentazone sodium through human skin is appropriately calculated as per cent absorbed dose. Considering the amount of radiolabeled substance associated with the skin (remaining skin and tape strips 3-6) after washing as absorbable and combining this with the absorbed amount detected in the receptor, the extent of dermal penetration through human epidermis is about 0.06% for the concentrate, 1.31% for the 1:100 spray strength dilution and 1.23% for the 1:600 dilution. /Bentazone sodium salt/
A case of fatal suicidal bentazone poisoning was presented along with a description of the different analytical methods involved. A 56-year-old farmer was examined by the family doctor 1 hour after voluntarily ingesting 500 mL of FIGHTER (about 250 g bentazone). He presented a Glasgow score of 15, polypnea, diarrhea and vomiting. During transport by ambulance to the hospital, he tossed, sweated and suddenly presented breathing difficulty followed by heart failure. The patient died within 2 hours post-ingestion. Blood and urine samples were taken just before death. Bentazone plasma and urine levels were 1500 and 1000 mg/L, respectively.
A 59-year-old woman who intentionally ingested 100-200 mL Basagran (about 50-100 g bentazone) was taken to the hospital with cardiac arrest 2 days after she had consumed the herbicide. During this period, she suffered vomiting, urination and diarrhoea, and she was drowsy with a muddled speech. Biological samples obtained at the autopsy were analysed, and the presence of bentazone, alcohol and an active metabolite of citalopram was detected. Blood concentrations of bentazone, alcohol and desmethyl-citalopram were 625 mg/kg, 0.62 g/L and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
[EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人:GILEAD APOLLO LLC
公开号:WO2017075056A1
公开(公告)日:2017-05-04
The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
[EN] 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(TETRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE AND 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS HERBICIDES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO))MÉTHYL]-N-(TÉTRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE ET DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO)MÉTHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'HERBICIDES
申请人:SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION AG
公开号:WO2021013969A1
公开(公告)日:2021-01-28
The present invention related to compounds of Formula (I): or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Q, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as described herein. The invention further relates to compositions comprising said compounds, to methods of controlling weeds using said compositions, and to the use of compounds of Formula (I) as a herbicide.
[EN] INSECTICIDAL TRIAZINONE DERIVATIVES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE TRIAZINONE INSECTICIDES
申请人:SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG
公开号:WO2013079350A1
公开(公告)日:2013-06-06
Compounds of the formula (I) or (I'), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are useful as pesticides.
式(I)或(I')的化合物,其中取代基如权利要求1所定义的那样,可用作杀虫剂。
[EN] HERBICIDALLY ACTIVE HETEROARYL-S?BSTIT?TED CYCLIC DIONES OR DERIVATIVES THEREOF<br/>[FR] DIONES CYCLIQUES SUBSTITUÉES PAR HÉTÉROARYLE À ACTIVITÉ HERBICIDE OU DÉRIVÉS DE CELLES-CI
申请人:SYNGENTA LTD
公开号:WO2011012862A1
公开(公告)日:2011-02-03
The invention relates to a compound of formula (I), which is suitable for use as a herbicide wherein G is hydrogen or an agriculturally acceptable metal, sulfonium, ammonium or latentiating group; Q is a unsubstituted or substituted C3-C8 saturated or mono-unsaturated heterocyclyl containing at least one heteroatom selected from O, N and S, or Q is heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl; m is 1, 2 or 3; and Het is an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaromatic ring; and wherein the compound is optionally an agronomically acceptable salt thereof.
The present invention provides triazole compounds useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.