Fluorescence and visual sensing of nitroaromatic explosives using electron rich discrete fluorophores
作者:Sankarasekaran Shanmugaraju、Sachin A. Joshi、Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
DOI:10.1039/c1jm10406c
日期:——
Several π-electron rich fluorescent aromatic compounds containing trimethylsilylethynyl functionality have been synthesized by employing Sonogashira coupling reaction and they were characterized fully by NMR (1H, 13C)/IR spectroscopy. Incorporation of bulky trimethylsilylethynyl groups on the peripheral of the fluorophores prevents self-quenching of the initial intensity through π–π interaction and thereby maintains the spectroscopic stability in solution. These compounds showed fluorescence behavior in chloroform solution and were used as selective fluorescence sensors for the detection of electron deficient nitroaromatics. All these fluorophores showed the largest quenching response with high selectivity for nitroaromatics among the various electron deficient aromatic compounds tested. Quantitative analysis of the fluorescence titration profile of 9,10-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)anthracene with picric acid provided evidence that this particular fluorophore detects picric acid even at ppb level. A sharp visual detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene was observed upon subjecting 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(trimethylsilylethynyl)pyrene fluorophore to increasing quantities of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in chloroform. Furthermore, thin film of the fluorophores was made by spin coating of a solution of 1.0 × 10−3 M in chloroform or dichloromethane on a quartz plate and was used for the detection of vapors of nitroaromatics at room temperature. The vapor-phase sensing experiments suggested that the sensing process is reproducible and quite selective for nitroaromatic compounds. Selective fluorescence quenching response including a sharp visual color change for nitroaromatics makes these fluorophores as promising fluorescence sensory materials for nitroaromatic compounds (NAC) with a detection limit of even ppb level as judged with picric acid.
利用 Sonogashira 偶联反应合成了几种富含 π 电子的荧光芳香族化合物,并通过核磁共振(1H、13C)/红外光谱对其进行了全面鉴定。在荧光团外围加入笨重的三甲基硅乙炔基团,可防止通过 π-π 相互作用产生的初始强度自淬,从而保持溶液中的光谱稳定性。这些化合物在氯仿溶液中显示出荧光特性,并被用作检测缺电子硝基芳香族化合物的选择性荧光传感器。在测试的各种缺电子芳香族化合物中,所有这些荧光团对硝基芳香族化合物的淬灭反应最大,选择性高。对 9,10-双(三甲基硅乙炔基)蒽与苦味酸的荧光滴定曲线进行的定量分析证明,这种荧光团即使在 ppb 水平也能检测到苦味酸。将 1,3,6,8 四(三甲基硅乙炔基)芘荧光团置于氯仿中不断增加的 2,4,6- 三硝基甲苯中,可观察到 2,4,6- 三硝基甲苯的敏锐视觉检测。此外,还在石英板上旋涂了 1.0 × 10-3 M 的氯仿或二氯甲烷溶液,制成了荧光团薄膜,用于在室温下检测硝基芳烃的蒸气。气相传感实验表明,该传感过程具有可重复性,并且对硝基芳香族化合物具有相当高的选择性。这些荧光团对硝基芳香族化合物具有选择性荧光淬灭反应,包括明显的视觉颜色变化,因此有望成为硝基芳香族化合物(NAC)的荧光传感材料。