Gram-Scale Quaternarization of the Anomeric Position of Carbohydrates: Dramatic Effects of Molecular Sieves on Rhodium(II)-Mediated Decomposition of Diazo Sugars
摘要:
The optimization of rhodium(II) carbene mediated quaternarization of the anomeric position of carbohydrates is reported. Preparation of ketopyranosides in good and reliable yields requires reverse addition of the substrate to a highly diluted suspension of the catalyst in refluxing 1,2-dichloroethane, as well as addition of a carefully controlled amount of molecular sieves, and vigorous stirring. Following these optimized reaction conditions, functionalization of the anomeric position of carbohydrates can finally be performed on a preparative scale.
Rh(II) Carbene-Mediated Synthesis of Methyl α- and β-Ketopyranosides: Preparation of Carbene Precursors, Quaternarization of the Anomeric Position, and Ring Opening of γ-Lactones
摘要:
Methyl alpha- and beta-ketopyranosides were efficiently prepared by carbene-mediated quaternarization of the anomeric position of corresponding aldopyranosides. Preparation of carbene precursors proved to be tedious and required a two-step procedure involving first bromoacetylation, followed by diazo-transfer with N,N'-ditosylhydrazine and DBU. Selective functionalization of the anomeric C-H bond was then achieved under Rh-2(OAc)(4) or Rh-2(acam)(4) catalysis. Finally, ring opening of the resulting gamma-lactones delivered alpha- and beta-ketopyranosides with the anomeric position functionalized by an independent chain.