Specific Molecular Orbital Contributions to Nucleophilicity. The Thiocarbonyl Group as Priviledged Monitor to Pinpoint Active and Less Active Molecular Orbitals in Reactions with Methylating Agents
摘要:
The rate constants for 41 compounds bearing a C=S function reacting with MeX (X = I, Tos) span 7 orders of magnitude. The PES spectra of these compounds display two very low energy peaks, which stand clearly apart from the other peaks. These two peaks correspond to the pi orbitals of the C-S group; one is its CS pi bonding orbital oriented out of the molecular plane (pi(CS)) and the other its p-type in-plane lone pair orbital (pi(S)). For some of the compounds, the HOMO is the pi(CS) orbital and for others the HOMO is the ns lone pair orbital. The best correlation (R = 0.96) between rate constants h and PES data is obtained when In(k) is plotted against the inverse of PES energy of the pi(S) lone pair orbital. Whether this lone pair orbital is the HOMO or the next lower HOMO has no importance. A modest correlation (R = 0.78) is obtained when In(k) is plotted against the inverse of PES energy of the pi(CS) bonding orbital, An attempt to correlate the calculated energy of the third highest occupied orbital (from AM1 calculations) with In(h) provides a complete scattering of data (R < 0.1), but the calculated energy of the second lone pair orbital sigma(S) (approximate to 90 kcal mol-l deeper than the HOMO) correlates reasonably with In(h) (R = 0.88). The energies of the S 2s and 2p core orbitals (calculated for 13 cyclic compounds with the HF/3-21G technique to be 4000 to 5500 kcal mol(-1) deeper than HOMO) correlate with In(k) (R = 0.86) as well as does that of the second lone pair orbital os. These results are the first where both frontier orbitals and core orbitals display correlation with overall reactivity. They are discussed in terms of direct (perturbational) versus indirect (nonperturbational) concepts.
3-Methylbenzothiazolium salts were allowed to react with superoxide to afford dimeric bis[o-(N-formyl-N-methylamino)phenyl]disulfides and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolones. The reaction was applied to monocyclic thiazolium salts, and novel ten-membered ring compounds were formed whose structures were elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These results prompted us to alternative synthesis of the
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines are disclosed. Compounds of the invention are useful therapeutic agents and their inclusion in pharmaceutical formulations and use in methods of treatment are disclosed.
Beger,J. et al., Journal fur praktische Chemie (Leipzig 1954), 1979, vol. 321, p. 249 - 259
作者:Beger,J. et al.
DOI:——
日期:——
Chanon,M. et al., Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1968, p. 2881 - 2885
作者:Chanon,M. et al.
DOI:——
日期:——
STEREO IMAGE PRINT AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME
申请人:FUJIFILM CORPORATION
公开号:US20130120676A1
公开(公告)日:2013-05-16
Provided is a stereo image print observable without polarized glasses, having a transparent support; first and second laminate disposed on a surface, respectively, of the transparent support, each laminate having an image layer satisfying condition (1) and a protective layer having at least one layer satisfying condition (2), the image layer and the protective layer being disposed in this order from the transparent support side: (1) each image layer has a dichroic image including pixels for a left eye and pixels for a right eye arranged in a predetermined array, each pixel having at least one kind of horizontally aligned dichroic dye, and absorption axes of the dichroic images in the first and the second laminates are orthogonal to each other, (2) the protective layer has an in-plane retardation value (Re) 10 mm or less for visible light.