Synthesis of p-chlorophenols (and -naphthols) from the thermal rearrangement of 4-chlorocyclobutenones
摘要:
A systematic study of the reaction of 4-hydroxycyclobutenones with thionyl chloride is reported. A useful model evolves from this study which allows the prediction of the site of chlorination for unsymmetrical examples. The chlorination is envisaged to involve the corresponding homoaromatic carbocation, and the site of chlorination takes place preferentially at the position substituted with the greater cation-stabilizing substituent. Specifically, this follows the general order of allyl > benzyl > alkyl > propargyl. The 4-chlorocyclobutenones prepared in this study were shown to be useful synthetic precursors to highly substituted chlorophenols and chloronaphthols.
Synthesis of p-chlorophenols (and -naphthols) from the thermal rearrangement of 4-chlorocyclobutenones
摘要:
A systematic study of the reaction of 4-hydroxycyclobutenones with thionyl chloride is reported. A useful model evolves from this study which allows the prediction of the site of chlorination for unsymmetrical examples. The chlorination is envisaged to involve the corresponding homoaromatic carbocation, and the site of chlorination takes place preferentially at the position substituted with the greater cation-stabilizing substituent. Specifically, this follows the general order of allyl > benzyl > alkyl > propargyl. The 4-chlorocyclobutenones prepared in this study were shown to be useful synthetic precursors to highly substituted chlorophenols and chloronaphthols.
Synthesis and Thermal Rearrangements of 4-Allyl-4-arylcyclobutenones
作者:Ralf Tiedemann、Philip Turnbull、Harold W. Moore
DOI:10.1021/jo990052a
日期:1999.5.1
The synthesis and thermolysis of 4-allyl-4-arylcyclobutenones are detailed. Allylcyclobutenones were prepared through the trapping of the cyclobutenonium cation generated by treatment of 4-hydroxycyclobutenones with Lewis acids. A study of the nucleophilic trapping revealed the following mechanistic highlights: the most likely intermediate is the cyclobutenonium cation, the regioselectivity of the allylation reaction is dictated by attack at the site most suited to stabilize the cation, and the rate of allylation is dependent on carbocation formation. Thermolysis of 4-allyl-4-arylcyclobutenones made possible a study of the competitive [2 + 2] cycloaddition and 6 pi electrocyclization. A judicious choice of substituents allows some control of the selectivity between the two pathways. The substituents control this selectivity through a combination of imposed electronics in the dienylketene intermediate, the relative ketenophilicity of the 4-position substituent, and the relative contortion substituents in the 2- and S-positions impose on the transition state of the respective ring-closure processes. The scope of the cyclobutenonium cation trapping with silylated carbon nucleophiles was explored, producing 4-allenylcyclobutenones from the use of propargylsilane and 4-spirocyclobutenones from triisopropylsilane. Thermolysis studies of these precursors are also detailed.
XU, SIMON L.;MOORE, HAROLD W., J. ORG. CHEM., 54,(1989) N7, C. 4024-4026
作者:XU, SIMON L.、MOORE, HAROLD W.
DOI:——
日期:——
Synthesis of p-chlorophenols (and -naphthols) from the thermal rearrangement of 4-chlorocyclobutenones
作者:Simon L. Xu、Harold W. Moore
DOI:10.1021/jo00027a057
日期:1992.1
A systematic study of the reaction of 4-hydroxycyclobutenones with thionyl chloride is reported. A useful model evolves from this study which allows the prediction of the site of chlorination for unsymmetrical examples. The chlorination is envisaged to involve the corresponding homoaromatic carbocation, and the site of chlorination takes place preferentially at the position substituted with the greater cation-stabilizing substituent. Specifically, this follows the general order of allyl > benzyl > alkyl > propargyl. The 4-chlorocyclobutenones prepared in this study were shown to be useful synthetic precursors to highly substituted chlorophenols and chloronaphthols.