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甲氧麻黄酮 | 1189805-46-6

中文名称
甲氧麻黄酮
中文别名
2-(甲基氨基)-1-(4-甲基苯基)-1-丙酮;1-4-甲基苯基)-2-甲基氨基-1-丙酮;4-甲基甲卡西酮
英文名称
mephedrone
英文别名
4-MMC;4-methyl-N-methylcathinone;4-methylmethcathinone;MMC;MEPH;2-(methylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one
甲氧麻黄酮化学式
CAS
1189805-46-6
化学式
C11H15NO
mdl
——
分子量
177.246
InChiKey
YELGFTGWJGBAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2
  • 重原子数:
    13
  • 可旋转键数:
    3
  • 环数:
    1.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.36
  • 拓扑面积:
    29.1
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    2

ADMET

代谢
通过胃管给大鼠单次给药20 mg/kg的甲氧基丙胺(mephedrone),并在给药后24小时内收集尿液。除了甲氧基丙胺外,还检测到以下代谢物:去甲甲氧基丙胺、去甲二氢甲氧基丙胺、羟基甲氧基甲氧基丙胺和去甲羟基甲氧基丙胺。在一个由甲氧基丙胺使用者提交的人类尿样中,还检测到了另一种代谢物,4-羧基-二氢甲氧基丙胺。/据/推测,被认为是这些代谢物来源的重叠代谢途径如下:N-脱甲基成为初级胺(代谢物去甲甲氧基丙胺、去甲二氢甲氧基丙胺和去甲羟基甲氧基丙胺);将酮基还原为相应的醇(代谢物去甲二氢甲氧基丙胺和4-羧基-二氢甲氧基丙胺);将甲苯基氧化为相应的醇(代谢物羟基甲氧基甲氧基丙胺和去甲羟基甲氧基丙胺)。认为羟基甲氧基甲氧基丙胺和去甲羟基甲氧基丙胺代谢物部分以葡萄糖苷酸和硫酸盐的形式排出。
Rats administered a single 20 mg/kg dose of mephedrone by gastric intubation and urine was collected over a 24-hour period after mephedrone administration. In addition to mephedrone, the following metabolites were detected: nor-mephedrone, nor-dihydro mephedrone, hydroxytolyl mephedrone and nor-hydroxytolyl mephedrone. In a human urine sample submitted by a mephedrone user, a further metabolite, 4-carboxy-dihydro mephedrone was also detected. /It was/ postulated that the overlapping metabolic pathways that were thought to be responsible for these metabolites were as follows: N-demethylation to the primary amine (metabolites nor-mephedrone, nor-dihydro mephedrone and nor-hydroxytolyl mephedrone); reduction of the keto moiety to the respective alcohol (metabolites nordihydro mephedrone and 4-carboxy-dihydro mephedrone); oxidation of the tolyl moiety to the corresponding alcohol (metabolites hydroxytolyl mephedrone and nor-hydroxytolyl mephedrone). It is thought that the hydroxytolyl mephedrone and nor-hydroxytolyl mephedrone metabolites are partly excreted as glucuronides and sulfates.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
甲氧基苯丙胺(Mephedrone)通过多种途径代谢成以下代谢物:去甲甲氧基苯丙胺(nor-mephedrone)、去甲二氢甲氧基苯丙胺(nor-dihydro mephedrone)、去甲羟基甲氧基苯丙胺(nor-hydroxytolyl mephedrone)、4-羧基二氢甲氧基苯丙胺(4-carboxy-dihydro mephedrone)、羟基甲氧基苯丙胺(hydroxytolyl mephedrone)。据认为,羟基甲氧基苯丙胺和去甲羟基甲氧基苯丙胺的代谢物部分以葡萄糖醛酸和硫酸盐结合物的形式排出体外。
Mephedrone is metabolized by a number of pathways to the following metabolites: nor-mephedrone, nor-dihydro mephedrone, nor-hydroxytolyl mephedrone, 4-carboxy-dihydro mephedrone, hydroxytolyl mephedrone. It is thought that the hydroxytolyl mephedrone and nor-hydroxytolyl mephedrone metabolites are partly excreted as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 立即急救:确保已经进行了充分的中和。如果患者停止呼吸,请开始人工呼吸,最好使用需求阀复苏器、球囊阀面罩设备或口袋面罩,按训练操作。如有必要,执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果患者呕吐,让患者向前倾或将其置于左侧(如果可能的话,头部向下),以保持呼吸道畅通,防止吸入。保持患者安静,维持正常体温。寻求医疗帮助。 /毒物A和B/
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 基本治疗:建立专利气道(如有需要,使用口咽或鼻咽气道)。如有必要,进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象,如有需要,辅助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测肺水肿,如有必要,进行治疗……。监测休克,如有必要,进行治疗……。预防癫痫发作,如有必要,进行治疗……。对于眼睛污染,立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中,用0.9%的生理盐水(NS)持续冲洗每只眼睛……。不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入,如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水,则用温水冲洗口腔,并给予5毫升/千克,最多200毫升的水进行稀释……。在去污后,用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤……。/毒药A和B/
/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
/SRP:/ 高级治疗:对于无意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人,考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。对于严重的支气管痉挛,考虑给予β激动剂,如沙丁胺醇……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注D5W /SRP: "保持开放",最小流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象,使用0.9%的生理盐水(NS)或乳酸林格氏液。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压,谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象……。使用地西泮或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。 /Poisons A and B/
/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 人类毒性摘录
迹象和症状:使用者报告的期望的心理和行为效应包括欣快感、一般性刺激、增强的音乐欣赏、情绪提升、敌意减少、改善精神功能和轻微的性刺激。后者在Mixmag调查中,有60%的冰毒使用者报告了这一效果。总体来看,这些效果似乎与其他刺激药物(如MDMA、安非他命和可卡因)报告的效果相当。
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The desired psychological and behavioural effects reported by users include euphoria, general stimulation, enhanced music appreciation, elevated mood, decreased hostility, improved mental function and mild sexual stimulation. The latter effect was reported in 60 % of mephedrone users in the Mixmag survey. Overall, these effects seem comparable to that reported for other stimulant drugs such as MDMA, amphetamines and cocaine.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 人类毒性摘录
症状和体征:网络论坛上的用户报告了许多症状,包括:麻木和触觉敏感性下降、食欲不振、失眠、平均体温升高(俗称“冰毒汗”)、平均体温下降、磨牙、心率升高和血压升高、胸痛、恶心和呕吐、关节疼痛、四肢/关节变色、腹痛、带血的疼痛鼻涕、头晕和眩晕、颤抖和抽搐、头痛、渴望、噩梦、注意力和记忆力下降、焦虑、不适、抑郁、幻觉、偏执、疲劳和呼吸困难。根据现有的用户报告,无法确定这些症状的真实依赖性,重要的是要注意这些未经证实的轶事报告来自用户。
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Numerous symptoms are reported by users on Internet forums, these include: numbness and lack of tactile sensitivity, loss of appetite, insomnia, increased mean body temperature ('mephedrone sweat'), decrease in mean body temperature, bruxism, elevated heart rate and blood pressure, chest pain, nausea and vomiting, painful joints, discoloration of extremities/joints, abdominal pain, painful nasal drip with presence of blood, light headedness and dizziness, tremors and convulsions, headaches, cravings, nightmares, loss of concentration and memory loss, anxiety, dysphoria, depression, hallucinations, paranoia, fatigue and respiratory difficulties. It is not possible to determine the true use-dependence of these symptoms based on the user reports available and it is important to note that these are unconfirmed anecdotal reports from users.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
主要的管理途径是鼻吸(鼻腔吸人)和吞咽(口服摄入),有时在水中溶解后服用。由于Mephedrone主要以粉末形式存在,注射使用的情况也有报道,但似乎很少见。
The main routes of administration for mephedrone are reported as snorting (nasal insufflation) and swallowing (oral ingestion), sometimes after dissolving with water. As mephedrone is primarily available in powder form, injecting use is reported but appears to be rare.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    甲氧麻黄酮 在 sodium tetrahydroborate 作用下, 以 甲醇 为溶剂, 反应 3.0h, 生成 1-dihydromephedrone
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Mass Spectrometric Evaluation of Mephedrone In Vivo Human Metabolism: Identification of Phase I and Phase II Metabolites, Including a Novel Succinyl Conjugate
    摘要:
    近年来,出现了许多新的特制毒品,包括卡西酮类衍生物。经常出现的一种药物是甲氧麻黄酮;尽管甲氧麻黄酮最初被认为是一种 "合法兴奋剂",但目前在大多数西方国家已被禁用。尽管已被禁用,但仍不断有滥用这种药物和缉获这种药物的报告。虽然已在大鼠体内或利用人体肝脏微粒体在体外对甲氧麻黄酮的代谢进行了研究,但就我们所知,还没有利用人体志愿者对甲氧麻黄酮在人体内的代谢进行过专门研究。因此,本研究的目的是确定甲氧麻黄酮在人体中的实际代谢情况,并将其与其他模型进行比较。为此,研究人员在两名健康志愿者口服 200 毫克甲氧麻黄酮后,分别在服药前和服药后 4 小时采集了他们的尿样。发现和鉴定甲氧麻黄酮的 I 期和 II 期代谢物的方法是采用超高效液相色谱法和混合四极杆飞行时间质谱法,以所谓的 MSE 模式运行。结果发现了六种 I 期代谢物和四种 II 期代谢物,其中四种以前未在文献中报道过。检测到的四种代谢物的结构已通过合成所建议的化合物得到证实。值得注意的是,发现了一种与琥珀酸共轭的甲氧麻黄酮代谢物,并通过合成得到了证实。根据所查阅的文献,这是首次报告人体代谢中存在这种共轭物。
    DOI:
    10.1124/dmd.114.061416
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    对甲基苯丙酮 作用下, 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂, 反应 12.0h, 生成 甲氧麻黄酮
    参考文献:
    名称:
    用于抑制AChE / BChE的新型基于苯甲酸酯的氨基甲酸酯:合成和面向配体/结构的SAR研究
    摘要:
    设计,合成和全面表征了一系列新的苯基衍生物。对所有测试化合物的体外抑制潜在的乙酰基和丁酰胆碱酯酶的能力进行了评估。还确定了单个分子对胆碱酯酶的选择性指数。通常,与乙酰胆碱酯酶相比,对丁酰的抑制作用更强。然而,某些化合物对这两种酶均显示出有希望的抑制作用。实际上,有两种化合物(23,(1-氧代-1-苯基丙-2-基氨基甲酸苄基乙基氨基甲酸酯和28,(1-(3-氯代苯基)-1-氧代丙-2-基)氨基甲酸苄基酯(28))具有很高的选择性指数,而第二个(28)达到最低的抑制浓度IC50值,与加兰他敏相当好。而且,进行了与受体无关和受体依赖的结构活性比较研究,以解释观察到的抑制氨基甲酸酯系列潜力的变化。基于配体的研究的主要目的是比较分析分子表面,以深入了解控制酶活性抑制能力的电子和/或位阻因素。潜在重要的空间和静电因子的空间分布是使用基于概率变量的药效团作图程序确定的,该程序基于迭代变量消除方法。此外,
    DOI:
    10.3390/ijms20071524
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文献信息

  • [EN] IMIDAZOLIUM REAGENT FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY<br/>[FR] RÉACTIF D'IMIDAZOLIUM POUR SPECTROMÉTRIE DE MASSE
    申请人:HOFFMANN LA ROCHE
    公开号:WO2021234004A1
    公开(公告)日:2021-11-25
    The present invention relates to compounds which are suitable to be used in mass spectrometry as well as methods of mass spectrometric determination of analyte molecules using said compounds.
    本发明涉及适用于质谱的化合物,以及利用该化合物进行分析物分子的质谱测定方法。
  • Successful use of a novel lux® i‐Amylose‐1 chiral column for enantioseparation of “legal highs” by HPLC
    作者:Kian Kadkhodaei、Marlene Kadisch、Martin G. Schmid
    DOI:10.1002/chir.23135
    日期:2020.1
    enantiomers may differ in their pharmacological effect. The aim of this study was to test a novel HPLC column for the enantioseparation of a set of 112 NPS coming from different chemical groups and collected by internet purchases during the years 2010–2018. The CSP, namely Lux® 5 μm i‐Amylose‐1, LC Column 250 x 4.6 mm, was run in normal phase mode under isocratic conditions, UV detection was performed
    这些术语背后隐藏着浴盐,熏蒸剂,清洁剂和空气清新剂,这些物质被算作“合法上限”。这些花哨的名字被用来装扮成合法的无害化合物,以规避市场营销的法律法规并增加销量。除了合成的经典非法药物(如苯丙胺,可卡因和摇头丸)以外,这些化合物的贸易(也称为新型精神活性物质(NPS))在当今并不罕见。在许多国家,NPS仍然不受药物管制。其中,有具有手性中心的兴奋剂,例如新的苯丙胺衍生物或卡西酮。关于两种可能的对映异构体的药理作用可能不同的事实知之甚少。这项研究的目的是测试一种新颖的HPLC色谱柱,该色谱柱用于对映分离2010年至2018年间通过互联网购买的来自不同化学族的112种NPS。CSP,即Lux®5μmi-Amylose-1,LC色谱柱250 x 4.6 mm,在等度条件下以正相模式运行,在245 nm和230 nm处进行UV检测,进样量为10μl,流速为为1毫升/分钟。使用由正己烷/异丙醇/二乙胺(90:10:0
  • AMPHETAMINE CONTROLLED RELEASE, PRODRUG, AND ABUSE-DETERRENT DOSAGE FORMS
    申请人:CHEMAPOTHECA, LLC
    公开号:US20180243241A1
    公开(公告)日:2018-08-30
    The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising highly pure amphetamine and amphetamine-class compounds resulting from the synthesis of chiral and racemic amphetamine derivatives by stereospecific, regioselective cuprate addition reaction with aziridine phosphoramidate compounds, and to methods of manufacturing, delivering, and using the amphetamine compounds resulting from the synthesis of chiral and racemic amphetamine derivatives by stereospecific, regioselective cuprate addition reaction with aziridine phosphoramidate compounds.
    这项发明还涉及包含高纯度苯丙胺和苯丙胺类化合物的药物组合物,这些化合物是通过对手性和消旋苯丙胺衍生物进行立体特异性、区域选择性的杯酸盐加成反应与环氧乙烷磷酰胺化合物合成而得到的,并且涉及通过对手性和消旋苯丙胺衍生物进行立体特异性、区域选择性的杯酸盐加成反应与环氧乙烷磷酰胺化合物合成而得到的苯丙胺化合物的制造、输送和使用方法。
  • [EN] REAGENT FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY<br/>[FR] RÉACTIF POUR SPECTROMÉTRIE DE MASSE
    申请人:HOFFMANN LA ROCHE
    公开号:WO2020020849A1
    公开(公告)日:2020-01-30
    The present invention relates to reagents which are suitable to be used in mass spectrometry as well as methods of mass spectrometric determination of analyte molecules using said reagents.
    本发明涉及适用于质谱的试剂,以及利用所述试剂进行分析物分子的质谱测定方法。
  • Chiral Separation of Cathinone and Amphetamine Derivatives by HPLC/UV Using Sulfated ß-Cyclodextrin as Chiral Mobile Phase Additive
    作者:Magdalena Taschwer、Yvonne Seidl、Stefan Mohr、Martin G. Schmid
    DOI:10.1002/chir.22341
    日期:2014.8
    this research work was to develop an inexpensive method for the chiral separation of cathinones and amphetamines. This should help to discover if the substances are sold as racemic mixtures and give further information about their quality as well as their origin. Chiral separation of a set of 6 amphetamine and 25 cathinone derivatives, mainly purchased from various Internet shops, is presented. A LiChrospher
    在过去的几年中,新的合法和非法高价的确定已成为警察和检察机关的巨大挑战。在分析方面,只有几种分析方法可用于识别这些新物质。而且,许多这些休闲药物是手性的,并且认为对映异构体的药理效力不同。由于非对映选择性合成更容易,更便宜,因此它们主要以外消旋混合物的形式出售。这项研究工作的目的是开发一种廉价的方法,用于手性分离卡西酮和苯丙胺。这应该有助于发现这些物质是否以外消旋混合物的形式出售,并提供有关其质量及其来源的更多信息。一组6种苯丙胺和25种卡西酮衍生物的手性分离,介绍了主要从各种互联网商店购买的产品。固定相使用250 x 4 mm,5 µm的LiChrospher 100 RP-18e。手性流动相由甲醇,水和硫酸化的β-环糊精组成。使用UV检测在反相模式下在等度条件下进行测量。使用两种物质类别的四种模型化合物来优化流动相。在最终条件下(甲醇:水2.5:97.5 + 2%硫酸化的β-环糊精),
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