1,4-Carbonyl participation in solvolysis of alkyl toluene-p-sulphonates
作者:Philip K. G. Hodgson、Stuart Warren
DOI:10.1039/p29750000372
日期:——
2,2-Dimethyl-3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl toluene-p-sulphonate (tosylate) and some related 3-oxoalkyl tosylates are solvolysed in buffered carboxylic acid solvents by 1,4-carbonyl participation to give unrearranged carboxylate esters. The reactions are too fast to be direct displacements, and do not occur in similar compounds which lack the carbonyl group. Secondary alkyl tosylates in the same series also
Selective Aldehyde Reduction in Ketoaldehydes with NaBH<sub>4</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O at Room Temperatures
作者:Sosale Chandrasekhar、Annadka Shrinidhi
DOI:10.1080/00397911.2014.888751
日期:2014.7.18
A variety of aliphatic and aromatic ketoaldehydes were reduced to the corresponding ketoalcohols with a mixture of sodium borohydride (1.2 equivalents) and sodium carbonate (sixfold molar excess) in water. Reactions were performed at room temperatures over (typically) 2 h, and yields of isolated products generally ranged from 70% to 85%. A biscarbonate-borane complex, [(BH3)(2)CO2](2-) 2Na(+), possibly formed from the reagent mixture, is likely the active reductant. The moderated reactivity of this acylborane species would explain the chemoselectivity observed in the reactions. The readily available reagents and the mild aqueous conditions make for ease of operation and environmental compatibility, and make a useful addition to available methodology.
The Intramolecular Aldol Condensation Route to Fused Bi- and Tricyclic β-Lactams<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup>
作者:Benito Alcaide、Concepción Polanco、Elena Sáez、Miguel A. Sierra
DOI:10.1021/jo960904w
日期:1996.1.1
Staudinger cycloaddition of activated acid chlorides to 1,3-ketoaldimines, prepared in quantitative yields from 1,3-ketoaldehydes and amino esters, gave in excellent yields cis-a-azetidinones, 6-8, having the adequate functionality to obtain fused bi- and tricyclic beta-lactams. Reaction of compounds 6 with LHMDS at low temperature gave a single diastereomer of fused bicyclic compounds with a carbapenam or carbacefam skeleton. Treatment of diastereomeric cis-2-azetidinones, 7/8, in analogous conditions resulted either in the exclusive cyclization of one of the two diastereomers to form tricyclic [4.n.m] (n = 5, 6; m = 5, 6) compounds, or in the cyclization of both diastereomers to form tricyclic [4.n.7] (n = 5, 6) 2-azetidinones. In all cases the cyclization step was totally stereoselective. Alternatively, trans-carbapenams and one example of a tricyclic system having a trans-2-azetidinone ring have been obtained by using longer reaction times and higher temperatures. Epimerization at C3 of the 2-azetidinone nucleus occurs in these reaction conditions to obtain a single diastereomer of the final products. This approach to fused policyclic 2-azetidinones is one of the scarce syntheses of this kind of compound making use of the aldol condensation.