N-(Triisopropylsilyl)pyrrole. A progenitor "par excellence" of 3-substituted pyrroles
                                
                                    
                                        作者:Brian L. Bray、Peter H. Mathies、Reto Naef、Dennis R. Solas、Thomas T. Tidwell、Dean R. Artis、Joseph M. Muchowski                                    
                                    
                                        DOI:10.1021/jo00313a019
                                    
                                    
                                        日期:1990.12
                                    
                                    A very effective strategy has been devised for the synthesis of 3-substituted pyrroles based on the use of the triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) moiety as a sterically demanding nitrogen substituent to obstruct the attack of electrophilic reagents at the alpha-positions. 1-(Triisopropylsilyl)pyrrole (1) undergoes highly preferential kinetic electrophilic substitution at the beta-position with a variety of electrophiles (Br+, I+, NO2+, RCO+, etc.) and fluoride ion induced desilylation of the products provides the corresponding 3-substituted pyrroles in good overall yields.  Competitive trifluoroacetylation experiments demonstrate that substitution of TIPS-pyrrole at the alpha-positions is decelerated by a factor of > 10(4), vs pyrrole at the same sites, without affecting reactivity at the beta-positions. 1-(Triisopropylsilyl)-3-bromopyrrole (2) is readily converted into the 3-lithio compound 44 by bromine-lithium interchange with alkyllithium reagents.  This previously unavailable, formal equivalent of 3-lithiopyrrole is itself an excellent source of a wide range of beta-substituted pyrroles, many of which would not be directly preparable from 1.  TIPS-pyrrole can be 3,4-dihalogenated and these compounds undergo sequential halogen-metal interchange trapping reactions.  This process is exemplified by an efficient, three-step synthesis of the antibiotic verrucarin E (63) from the dibromo compound 5.