Lead Optimization toward Proof-of-Concept Tools for Huntington’s Disease within a 4-(1H-Pyrazol-4-yl)pyrimidine Class of Pan-JNK Inhibitors
摘要:
Through medicinal chemistry lead optimization studies focused on calculated properties and guided by X-ray crystallography and computational modeling, potent pan-JNK inhibitors were identified that showed submicromolar activity in a cellular assay. Using in vitro ADME profiling data, 9t was identified as possessing favorable permeability and a low potential for efflux, but it was rapidly cleared in liver microsomal incubations. In a mouse pharmacokinetics study, compound 9t was brain-penetrant after oral dosing, but exposure was limited by high plasma clearance. Brain exposure at a level expected to support modulation of a pharmacodynamic marker in mouse was achieved when the compound was coadministered with the pan-cytochrome P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole.
Synthesis and SAR of 4-substituted-2-aminopyrimidines as novel c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors
摘要:
The development of a series of novel 4-substituted-2-aminopyrimidines as inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinases is described. The synthesis, in vitro inhibitory values for JNK1, and the in vitro inhibitory value for a c-Jun cellular assay are discussed. Optimization of microsomal clearance led to the identification of 9c, whose kinase selectivity is reported. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Chemically enabled synthesis of 2-amino-4-heteroarylpyrimidines
作者:Paul S. Humphries、Quyen-Quyen T. Do、David M. Wilhite
DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.073
日期:2009.5
2-Amino-4-heteroarylpyrimidines were initially synthesized by microwave-induced SNAr reactions of primary alkyl amines and 2-methylsulfonylpyrimidines or 2-chloropyrimidines. Following this methodology, pendant piperidine functionality was elaborated utilizing silica-bound reagents in microwave-assisted reductive amination and amide bond formation protocols. These methods proved to be versatile, efficient, and amenable to parallel synthesis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.