Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of novel inverse agonists acting on the viral-encoded chemokine receptor US28
摘要:
G-protein coupled receptors encoded by viruses represent an unexplored class of potential drug targets. In this study, we describe the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of the first class of inverse agonists acting on the HCMV-encoded receptor US28. It is shown that replacement of the 4-hydroxy group of lead compound I with a methylamine group results in a significant 6-fold increase in affinity. Interestingly, increasing the rigidity of the spacer by the introduction of a double bond also leads to a significant increase in binding affinity compared to 1. These novel inverse agonists serve as valuable tools to elucidate the role of constitutive signaling in the pathogenesis of viral infection and may have therapeutic potential as leads for new antiviral drugs. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship of the First Nonpeptidergic Inverse Agonists for the Human Cytomegalovirus Encoded Chemokine Receptor US28
作者:Janneke W. Hulshof、Paola Casarosa、Wiro M. P. B. Menge、Leena M. S. Kuusisto、Henk van der Goot、Martine J. Smit、Iwan J. P. de Esch、Rob Leurs
DOI:10.1021/jm050418d
日期:2005.10.1
US28 is a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encoded G-protein-coupled receptor that signals in a constitutively active manner. Recently, we identified 1 5-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2,2-diphenylpentanenitrile} as the first reported nonpeptidergic inverse agonist for a viral-encoded chemokine receptor. Interestingly, this compound is able to partially inhibit the viral entry of HIV-1. In this study we describe the synthesis of 1 and several of its analogues and unique structure-activity relationships for this first class of small-molecule ligands for the chemokine receptor US28. Moreover, the compounds have been pharmacologically characterized as inverse agonists on US28. By modification of lead structure 1, it is shown that a 4-phenylpiperidine moiety is essential for affinity and activity. Other structural features of 1 are shown to be of less importance. These compounds define the first SAR of ligands on a viral GPCR (US28) and may therefore serve as important tools to investigate the significance of US28-mediated constitutive activity during viral infection.