Prevalence and severity of substance misuse among referrals to a local forensic service
摘要:
Substance misuse is frequently present alongside mental illness and personality disorder, complicating all aspects of management. We describe self-reported levels of substance misuse in referrals to a forensic psychiatry service, to establish degrees of dependency and co-morbidity with other diagnostic categories and to report the implications for treatment. There were 146 (70%) of 209 consecutive referrals who completed a semi-structured questionnaire, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Severity of Alcohol Dependency Questionnaire (SADQ), Alcohol Problem Questionnaire (APQ) and, for frequent users of opiates or stimulants, the Severity of Dependence Scales (SDS). Psychiatric diagnoses were made from clinical assessment using the International Classification of Diseases (World Health Organization, 1992). ICD-10 diagnoses of substance misuse were found in 83 (57%) subjects. A combination of mental illness and a substance misuse diagnosis was found in 54 (37%). The subgroup accepted into forensic psychiatric services was found to have higher levels of co-morbidity, although levels of dependency were low. Forensic services need expertise in assessing drug-related morbidity; in motivational interviewing and other techniques for encouraging change; and in consolidating recovery.
A Facile Synthesis of 2H-Chromenes and 9-Functionalized Phenanthrenes through Reactions between α,β-Unsaturated Compounds and Arynes
作者:Tiexin Zhang、Xian Huang、and Luling Wu
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201200042
日期:2012.6
Facile syntheses of 2H-chromenes or 9-functionalizedphenanthrenes under mild conditions in moderate to good yields have been developed. They each involve annulations of arynes with α,β-unsaturatedcompounds bearing different electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs). Depending on the natures of the different EWGs, the reactions proceed by different pathways: enals react with arynesthrough a tandem [2+2]
Synthesis and characterization of phenanthrene derivatives for optoelectronic applications
作者:Sondes Raouafi、Faouzi Aloui、Amal Raouafi、Béchir Ben Hassine
DOI:10.1016/j.crci.2017.03.004
日期:2017.7
Abstract New phenanthrenederivatives, bearing cyano group at selected positions, have been prepared in good yields through Knoevenagel condensation and classical oxidative photocyclization. The optical properties of the cyanophenanthrenes have been investigated by UV–vis absorption. A cyclic voltammetry analysis showed a relatively high electronic affinity, indicating that they may be good candidates
Consumer product compositions comprise a water soluble organic photoactivator, an electron acceptor which accepts an electron from the photoactivator when the photoactivator is in a photo-excited state and/or reduced state, and a benefit active precursor which converts into a benefit active agent via electron transfer. The electron acceptor is preferably not covalently linked to the photoactivator. Also disclosed are methods of making a benefit active, comprising exposing the consumer product compositions to light, preferably having a wavelength greater than about 350 nm.
Photoactivators comprise a photoactive moiety and a hydrophilic moiety. The photoactivators preferably comprise less than about 35%, by weight of the photoactivator, of the photoactive moiety. The photoactivators can be activated to a photo-excited state by excitation with incident radiation of a wavelength between about 350 nm and 750 nm, preferably between about 350 nm and about 420 nm. The photoactivators further encompass those having certain chemical formulations.
Device and methods for applying compositions to fabric surfaces
申请人:The Procter & Gamble Company
公开号:US10156036B2
公开(公告)日:2018-12-18
A device and method for applying a material to a surface of a fabric. The device has a sensor and a microfluidic die. The device further includes a reservoir for containing a material to be deposited, and a CPU. The method includes providing information from the sensor about the surface to the CPU, which uses the information to identify where the material is to be deposited and/or how much to deposit.