The synthesis of porphyrin–steroid conjugates is examined using the natural steroids oestradiol, oestrone, and lithocholic acid as precursors. Two strategies differing in the timing of formation of the steroid–porphyrin linkage leading to four different construction motifs are explored. Two approaches are based on a strategy of introduction of steroidal components in the porphyrin-forming reaction involving condensation of steroidal-alkylaldehydes and pyrrole to give 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(steroidal-alkyl)porphyrins and differ in the way in which the required aldehyde is introduced to the steroidal component. In the other strategy, a steroidal component is introduced by post-porphyrin synthesis reactions and here also two approaches were explored, one involving nucleophilic substitution and the other esterification. Of the four approaches investigated, the most efficient and most versatile one attaches the steroidal components late in the sequence to a 5,10,15,20-tetra(ω-haloalkyl)porphyrin by a nucleophilic substitution reaction. In this way, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[oestrone-linked-heptyl)porphyrin was obtained in 47 % yield.
以天然类固醇雌二醇、雌酮和石胆酸为前体,研究了卟啉-类固醇共轭物的合成。在类固醇-卟啉连接形成的时间上有两种不同的策略,从而产生了四种不同的结构模式。两种方法都基于在卟啉形成反应中引入甾体成分的策略,该反应涉及甾体烷基醛和吡咯的缩合,从而得到 5,10,15,20-四(甾体烷基)卟啉。另一种策略是通过卟啉合成后反应引入甾体成分,这里也探讨了两种方法,一种涉及亲核取代,另一种涉及酯化。在所研究的四种方法中,效率最高、用途最广的一种方法是通过亲核取代反应,在序列的后期将甾体成分连接到 5、10、15、20-四(ω-卤代烷基)卟啉上。这样就得到了 5,10,15,20-四[estrone-link-heptyl]卟啉,收率为 47%。