Discotic Triphenylene Twins Linked through Thiophene Bridges: Controlling Nematic Behavior in an Intriguing Class of Functional Organic Materials
摘要:
Substituted triphenylenes and similar discotic molecules have a strong tendency toward columnar organization. Nematic mesophases are much less commonly observed in discotic systems. We have demonstrated a general strategy whereby discotic triphenylenes can be twinned to form stable, boardlike materials that display only nematic mesophases. The dominant structural feature that leads to nematic behavior is an enforced void region in the center of the macrocycle that results from bridging through the triphenylene 3,6-positions. This precludes simple columnar assembly because it would lead to free space through the center of each stack. Selection of appropriate bridging units allows materials to be designed which combine molecular features, such as the optoelectronic properties of electron-rich triphenylenes and conjugated thiophene units, with the processability, self-healing, and alignment features inherent in nematic mesophases. In addition, communication across twinned structures can lead to additional enhancement of optoelectronic behavior. This is particularly apparent in fully conjugated, planar twin 12 which is formally expected to have some antiaromatic character. This character is manifested in its spectral properties, and particularly noteworthy is its strong, Stokes shifted emission at around 500 nm
A series of novel triphenylenes has been synthesised by a combination of palladium catalysed coupling, oxidative cyclisation, bromination and nucleophilic aromatic substitution. The new derivatives are designed to have structures which are intermediate between the known symmetrical materials hexakis( hexyloxy) triphenylene and hexakis( hexylthio) triphenylene. The compounds having four hexyloxy and two hexylthio substituents form only Col(h) mesophases. Triphenylenes having four hexylthio and two hexyloxy substituents also give Col(h) mesophases but 3,6- bis(hexyloxy)-2,7,10,11-tetrakis(hexylthio) triphenylene 5 is unique in that it cools into a stable, more ordered phase. The low temperature phase, which appears to be indefinitely stable at ambient temperature, is assumed to be helical based on transition enthalpy data.
Antiaromatic twinned triphenylene discotics showing nematic phases and 2-dimensional π-overlap in the solid state
作者:Liang Zhang、Hemant Gopee、David L. Hughes、Andrew N. Cammidge
DOI:10.1039/c0cc00311e
日期:——
Construction of formally antiaromatic discotic twins based on dehydroannulene cores linked through non-adjacent positions on triphenylenes gives stable molecules with intriguing molecular and supramolecular properties and, unlike the majority of discotic triphenylenes and similar materials, the twins form nematic mesophases on heating.
Probing the structural factors influencing columnar mesophase formation and stability in triphenylene discotics
作者:Andrew N. Cammidge、Céline Chausson、Hemant Gopee、Juanjuan Li、David L. Hughes
DOI:10.1039/b913678a
日期:——
Series of structurally related substituted triphenylene derivatives were designed and synthesised to interrogate key features which determine mesophase formation and stability, and to challenge the general conclusions previously proposed by us and others. It is apparent that no single, simple principle can be universally applied.
Expanded Porphyrin-like Structures Based on Twinned Triphenylenes
作者:Hemant Gopee、Xiangfei Kong、Zhiqun He、Isabelle Chambrier、David L. Hughes、Graham J. Tizzard、Simon J. Coles、Andrew N. Cammidge
DOI:10.1021/jo401551c
日期:2013.9.20
Triphenylene twins are intriguing structures, and those bridged through their 3,6-positions by dipyrromethene units give a new class of macrocycles that can be viewed as rigid, expanded porphyrin derivatives in which coplanarity is enforced in a formally antiaromatic π system. Somewhat surprisingly, however, macrocyclization leads to significant overall stabilization of the dipyrromethene chromophores