Erosion of Stereochemical Control with Increasing Nucleophilicity: O-Glycosylation at the Diffusion Limit
摘要:
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2-deoxyglycosyl donors indicated that the reactivity of the oxygen nucleophile has a significant impact on stereoselectivity. Employing ethanol as the nucleophile resulted in a 1:1 (alpha:beta) ratio of diastereomers under S(N)1-like reaction conditions. Stercoselective formation of the 2-deoxy-alpha-O-glycoside was only observed when weaker nucleophiles, such as trifluoroethanol, were employed. The lack of stercoselectivity observed in reactions of common oxygen nucleophiles can be attributed to reaction rates of the stereochemistry-determining step that approach the diffusion limit. In this scenario, both faces of the prochiral oxocarbenium ion are subject to nucleophilic addition to afford a statistical mixture of diastercomeric products. Control experiments confirmed that all nucleophilic substitution reactions were performed under kinetic control.
Catalytic ceric ammonium nitrate mediated synthesis of 2-deoxy-1-thioglycosides
作者:Somak Paul、Narayanaswamy Jayaraman
DOI:10.1016/j.carres.2004.07.010
日期:2004.9
Synthesis of 2-deoxy-1-thioglycosides from glycals, mediated by catalytic amounts of cericammoniumnitrate is reported. Apart from the 2-deoxy-1-thioglycosides, formation of the 2,3-unsaturated enose, corresponding to the Ferrier product, is also observed, especially for the glucal substrates. A radical oxocarbenium ion and a thiolate intermediates are most likely to mediate the reaction. Upon synthesis
Reactions of Various Nucleophiles with <scp>d</scp>-Glucal over Keggin-Type Heteropoly Compounds: A Simple, Rapid, and Expedient Method for the Synthesis of Pseudoglycals
作者:Ezzat Rafiee、Sara Eavani、Mohammad Joshaghani
DOI:10.1080/07328300903477796
日期:2010.1.14
The reaction of benzyl alcohol with 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal has been investigated with several heteropoly compounds, and the optimal catalyst is 12-tungstophosphoric acid supported on carbon. In the presence of this catalyst, various alcohols gave the corresponding alkyl and aryl 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosides in excellent yields and good anomeric selectivity under solvent-free condition. 4,6-Di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy--d-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl cyanide and ethyl 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2,3-dideoxy-1-thio--d-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside have also been prepared with trimethylsilyl cyanide and ethanthiol as nucleophiles, respectively. The catalyst could be easily recovered and reused several times with slight loss of activity. The selectivity to give -anomers predominantly did not show any change in all runs.