Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of indolinone derivatives as novel ghrelin receptor antagonists
摘要:
The ghrelin receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) widely expressed in the brain, stomach and the intestine. It was firstly identified during studies aimed to find synthetic modulators of growth hormone (GH) secretion. GHSR and its endogenous ligand ghrelin were found to be involved in hunger response. Through food intake regulation, they could affect body weight and adiposity. Thus GHSR antagonists rapidly became an attractive target to treat obesity and feeding disorders. In this study we describe the biological properties of new indolinone derivatives identified as a new, chiral class of ghrelin antagonists. Their synthesis as well as the structure-activity relationship will be discussed herein. The in vitro identified compound 14f was a potent GHSR1a antagonist (IC50 = 7 nM). When tested in vivo, on gastric emptying model, 14f showed an inhibitory intrinsic effect when given alone and it dose dependently inhibited ghrelin stimulation. Compound 14f also reduced food intake stimulated both by fasting condition (high level of endogenous ghrelin) and by icv ghrelin. Moreover this compound improved glucose tolerance in ipGTT test. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The invention describes compounds of the general formula I
or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
wherein R
1
, R
2
, R
3
and X are herein described,
a process for their manufacture, medicaments containing them as well as the use of these compounds as pharmaceutically active agents. The compounds show activity as antiproliferative agents and may be especially useful for the treatment of cancer.
In Situ Generation of Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthio Reagents for Enantioselective Trifluoromethylthiolation of Oxindoles
作者:Xing-Li Zhu、Jin-Hui Xu、Dao-Juan Cheng、Li-Jiao Zhao、Xin-Yuan Liu、Bin Tan
DOI:10.1021/ol5006888
日期:2014.4.18
An organocatalytic asymmetric trifluoromethylthiolation reaction via in situ generation of active electrophilic trifluoromethylthio species involving trichloroisocyanuric acid and AgSCF3 as a practical and easily handled electrophilic SCF3 source for CSP3–SCF3 bond formation was developed. Reactions with this one-pot version strategy occurred in good yields and excellent stereoselectivities to access
One-pot synthesis of 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles <i>via</i> acyloin rearrangements of 2-hydroxy-indolin-3-ones generated <i>in situ</i> from 2-alkynyl arylazides
A novel one-pot method to prepare 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles via acyloin rearrangements of 2-hydroxy-indolin-3-ones generated in situ from 2-alkynyl arylazides has been described. The reaction was accomplished to afford a variety of 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.