Determination of the absolute configuration of two α v β 6 integrin inhibitors for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and investigations on the asymmetric 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to crotonate esters bearing a C4-oxygen substituent
摘要:
The absolute configuration of two novel alpha(v)beta(6) integrin inhibitors was established via degradation to the corresponding C3-aryl substituted butyrolactone. The configuration of the resulting lactones was established by asymmetric synthesis using 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to butenolide, catalysed by bis (norbornadiene)rhodium (I) tetrafluoroborate in the presence of (R)-BINAP, and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Studies on arylboronic acid conjugate additions to acyclic crotonate esters bearing a gamma-oxygen substituent are also reported. Three Rh catalysts were investigated and the one giving the highest enantioselectivity was bis(norbornadiene)rhodium (I) tetrafluoroborate. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An analysis of the influences dictating regioselectivity in platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylations of internal alkynes
作者:Douglas A. Rooke、Zachary A. Menard、Eric M. Ferreira
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.012
日期:2014.7
A full account of our studies on internal alkyne hydrosilylations using platinum catalysis is described. We demonstrate that these transformations are highly governed by the electronic characteristics of the alkyne substituents, wherein the hydride will add preferentially to the more electron-deficient alkyne carbon. The steric and coordinative capabilities of the substituents influence the selectivity
完整介绍了我们对使用铂催化的内部炔烃氢甲硅烷基化的研究。我们证明,这些转变高度受炔烃取代基的电子特性支配,其中氢化物将优先添加至电子欠缺的炔烃碳上。取代基的空间和配位能力对选择性的影响程度要小得多,其中丙炔醇是唯一的例外。硅烷的选择在某些情况下是相关的。特定的硅烷将提供较高的区域选择性,而其他的则选择性要低得多。最终,使用13 C NMR化学位移数据可以完全预测加成的区域选择性,从而将这种反应性纳入目标反应设计中。
Pd-Catalyzed Sulfinylzincation of Activated Alkynes with 1-Alkynyl Sulfoxides as a Sulfinyl Source
with 1-alkynyl sulfoxide as a sulfinyl source was developed. Bis-sulfinyl alkenes were formed in good yields on treatment of 1-alkynyl sulfoxides with Et(2)Zn in the presence of a Pd-catalyst, wherein zinc sulfenate (or sulfinylzinc) species would be generated in situ to undergo highly syn-selective conjugate addition to the 1-alkynyl sulfoxides. By using 3,3-dimethyl-1-butynyl sulfoxides, formation of
Reactivity of malonyl radicals. Synthesis of substituted dihydronaphthalenes by manganese(III) oxidation of diethyl .alpha.-benzylmalonate in the presence of alkynes
Oxidation of diethyl alpha-benzylmalonate (1) by Mn(III) acetate in acetic acid at 70-degrees-C in the presence of alkynes 2a-j leads to dihydronaphthalene derivatives 3a-j in moderate to good yields. A homolytic mechanism, involving oxidation of 1 to the corresponding malonyl radical, its addition to a triple bond, and intramolecular homolytic aromatic substitution of the vinyl radical adducts, is suggested. Propargylic hydrogen abstraction and dimerization at the malonic position for less reactive alkynes are the main side reactions observed. Relative and absolute rates of addition of alpha-benzylmalonyl radicals to representative alkynes and alkenes, deduced from competitive experiments, indicate a lower reactivity toward alkynes than toward the corresponding substituted alkenes. Both SOMO-LUMO and SOMO-HOMO interactions in the transition state lower the activation energy of these homolytic additions with alkenes, but only the SOMO-HOMO interaction dominates with the examined alkynes. 2-Naphthoic acid derivatives can be efficiently obtained by oxidative decarboxylation of 3 with NaI and air.
Synthesis of chiral vinylic sulfoxides by Pd-catalyzed asymmetric sulfinylzincation
Novel asymmetric sulfinylzincation of alkynoates has been accomplished via a Pd-catalyzed sulfinylzincation using 1-alkynyl sulfoxides bearing chiral auxiliaries as a sulfinylating reagent. The reaction proceeded in a highly syn-selective fashion, giving the (E)-beta-sulfinyl alpha,beta-unsaturated ester exclusively. Among the chiral sulfinylating reagents tested, an isoborneol-type compound (Rs)-4 showed the best results in terms of both yield and diastereoselectivity. As a result of optimization of the reaction, the selectivity was improved up to 92:8 dr, and stereochemistry of the newly formed sulfur stereogenic center was revealed as (Ss)-configuration. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.