(S)-1-[4-(2-bromoethoxy)-benzyl]-5-(2-phenoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione | 899818-41-8

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 吲哚及其衍生物
• 英文名称: (S)-1-[4-(2-bromoethoxy)-benzyl]-5-(2-phenoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione
• 英文别名: 1-(4-[2-bromoethoxy)-benzyl]-5-(2-phenoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione；1-[4-(2-bromoethoxy)-benzyl]-5-(2-phenoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione；(S)-1-(4-(2-bromoethoxy)benzyl)-5-[1-(2-phenoxymethylpyrrolidinyl)sulfonyl]isatin；1-[[4-(2-bromoethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-5-[(2S)-2-(phenoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonylindole-2,3-dione
• CAS: 899818-41-8
• 化学式: C₂₈H₂₇BrN₂O₆S
• 分子量: 599.502
• InChiKey: YZZZZAGTJYSDAA-NRFANRHFSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  4.5
• 重原子数：
  38
• 可旋转键数：
  10
• 环数：
  5.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.29
• 拓扑面积：
  102
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  7

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  (S)-1-[4-(2-bromoethoxy)-benzyl]-5-(2-phenoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione 、 silver(I) 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 以71%的产率得到toluene-4-sulfonic acid (S)-2-{4-[2,3-dioxo-5-(2-phenoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-indol-1-ylmethyl]-phenoxy}ethyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  [18F]- and [11C]-Labeled N-benzyl-isatin sulfonamide analogues as PET tracers for Apoptosis: synthesis, radiolabeling mechanism, and in vivo imaging study of apoptosis in Fas-treated mice using [11C]WC-98

  摘要：

  放射性标记的isatin磺酰胺类caspase-3抑制剂[18F]2 (WC-II-89)是一种潜在的PET放射性示踪剂，可用于细胞凋亡的无创成像。研究人员通过 13C NMR、ESI/MS 和计算对其放射性标记机制进行了研究。研究发现，isatin 环中 C3 羰基的亲电性很高，是[18F]氟化物的捕获物，这也是 7a 中的甲磺酸基团被[18F]氟化物亲核取代而导致放射性标记失败的原因。经强碱处理后，7a 完全打开了异汀环，形成了异汀酸酯中间体 16，该中间体失去了捕获[18F]氟化物的能力，从而使间苯二甲酸酯基团发生位移，得到了 18F 标记的异汀酸酯 17。在酸性条件下，[18F]17 可以高效地转化为异汀[18F]2。反相 HPLC 分析、ESI/MS 和 13C NMR 研究证实了在碱性和酸性条件下异atin 环的开环和再闭环。对模型化合物的计算研究也支持上述机制。同样，开环和再闭环法也被成功用于合成 11C 标记的靛红磺酰胺类似物 [11C]4 (WC-98)。在 Fas 肝细胞凋亡模型中使用 [11C]4 进行的 microPET 成像研究表明，经处理的小鼠的靶器官（肝脏）中保留了[11C]4 的活性。肝脏中激活的 Caspase-3 增加通过荧光法 Caspase-3 酶测定得到了验证。因此，这项研究为 PET 和 SPECT 研究提供了一种放射性合成异汀衍生物放射性示踪剂的有用方法，[11C]4 是一种潜在的 PET 放射性示踪剂，可用于细胞凋亡的无创成像。

  DOI：

  10.1039/b819024k
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  1-(2-溴乙氧基)-4-甲基苯 在 N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS) 、 偶氮二异丁腈 、 sodium hydride 作用下， 以 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 、 苯 为溶剂， 反应 4.0h， 生成 (S)-1-[4-(2-bromoethoxy)-benzyl]-5-(2-phenoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione
  参考文献：
  名称：

  5-Pyrrolidinylsulfonyl Isatins as a Potential Tool for the Molecular Imaging of Caspases in Apoptosis

  摘要：

  Caspases are the unique enzymes responsible for the execution of the cell death program and may represent an exclusive target for the specific molecular imaging of apoptosis in vivo. 5-Pyrrolidinylsulfonyl isatins represent potent nonpeptidyl caspase inhibitors that may be suitable for the development of caspase binding radioligands ( CBRs). ( S)-5-[ 1-(2-Methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl) sulfonyl] isatin ( 7) served as a lead compound for modification of its N-1-position. Corresponding pairs of N-1-substituted 2-methoxymethyl- and 2-phenoxymethylpyrrolidinyl derivatives were examined in vitro by biochemical caspase inhibition assays. All target compounds possess high in vitro caspase inhibtion potencies in the nanomolar to subnanomolar range for caspase-3 ( K-i = 0.2- 56.1 nM). As shown for compound ( S)-1-( 4-(2-fluoroethoxy) benzyl)-5-[ 1( 2-methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl) sulfonyl] isatin ( 35), the class of N-1-substituted 5-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl isatins competitively inhibits caspase-3. All caspase inhibitors show selectivity for the effector caspases-3 and -7 in vitro. The 2-methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl versions of the isatins appear to possess superior caspase inhibition potencies in cellular apoptosis inhibition assays compared with the 2-phenoxymethylpyrrolidinyl inhibitors.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm051217c

文献信息

• ISATIN ANALOGUES AND USES THEREFOR
  申请人：Mach Robert H.

  公开号：US20090068105A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-03-12

  Novel isatin analogues, including isatin analogues comprising Michael Acceptors (IMAs) are disclosed. Further disclosed are methods of synthesis of the isatin analogues, and uses of the analogues, including inhibition of caspase-3 and caspase-7, and in vivo imaging of apoptosis by Positron emission tomography (PET) or Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT).

  揭示了新颖的吲哚类似物，包括具有Michael受体的吲哚类似物（IMAs）。进一步揭示了吲哚类似物的合成方法，以及类似物的用途，包括抑制caspase-3和caspase-7，以及通过正电子发射断层扫描（PET）或单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）对凋亡进行体内成像。
• WO2006/74799
  申请人：——

  公开号：——

  公开（公告）日：——
• Synthesis, radiolabeling, and in vivo evaluation of an 18F-labeled isatin analog for imaging caspase-3 activation in apoptosis
  作者：Dong Zhou、Wenhua Chu、Justin Rothfuss、Chenbo Zeng、Jinbin Xu、Lynne Jones、Michael J. Welch、Robert H. Mach

  DOI：10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.045

  日期：2006.10

  A non-peptide-based isatin sulfonamide analog, WC-II-89, was synthesized and its inhibition toward recombinant human caspase-3 and other caspases was determined. This compound showed high potency for inhibiting caspase-3 and -7, and high selectivity against caspases-1, -6, and -8. [F-18]WC-II-89 was synthesized via a nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding mesylate precursor in high yield and radiochemical purity. Biodistribution studies using [F-18]WC-II-89 revealed higher uptake in liver and spleen of cycloheximide-treated rats, an animal model of apoptosis, relative to control animals. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of activated caspase-3 in the liver and spleen of cycloheximide-treated animals. MicroPET imaging studies revealed a high uptake of the radiotracer in the liver of a cycloheximide-treated rat relative to the untreated control. These data suggest that [F-18]WC-II-89 is a potential radiotracer for imaging caspase-3 activation in tissues undergoing apoptosis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
• 5-Pyrrolidinylsulfonyl Isatins as a Potential Tool for the Molecular Imaging of Caspases in Apoptosis
  作者：Klaus Kopka、Andreas Faust、Petra Keul、Stefan Wagner、Hans-Jörg Breyholz、Carsten Höltke、Otmar Schober、Michael Schäfers、Bodo Levkau

  DOI：10.1021/jm051217c

  日期：2006.11.1

  Caspases are the unique enzymes responsible for the execution of the cell death program and may represent an exclusive target for the specific molecular imaging of apoptosis in vivo. 5-Pyrrolidinylsulfonyl isatins represent potent nonpeptidyl caspase inhibitors that may be suitable for the development of caspase binding radioligands ( CBRs). ( S)-5-[ 1-(2-Methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl) sulfonyl] isatin ( 7) served as a lead compound for modification of its N-1-position. Corresponding pairs of N-1-substituted 2-methoxymethyl- and 2-phenoxymethylpyrrolidinyl derivatives were examined in vitro by biochemical caspase inhibition assays. All target compounds possess high in vitro caspase inhibtion potencies in the nanomolar to subnanomolar range for caspase-3 ( K-i = 0.2- 56.1 nM). As shown for compound ( S)-1-( 4-(2-fluoroethoxy) benzyl)-5-[ 1( 2-methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl) sulfonyl] isatin ( 35), the class of N-1-substituted 5-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl isatins competitively inhibits caspase-3. All caspase inhibitors show selectivity for the effector caspases-3 and -7 in vitro. The 2-methoxymethylpyrrolidinyl versions of the isatins appear to possess superior caspase inhibition potencies in cellular apoptosis inhibition assays compared with the 2-phenoxymethylpyrrolidinyl inhibitors.
• [18F]- and [11C]-Labeled N-benzyl-isatin sulfonamide analogues as PET tracers for Apoptosis: synthesis, radiolabeling mechanism, and in vivo imaging study of apoptosis in Fas-treated mice using [11C]WC-98
  作者：Dong Zhou、Wenhua Chu、Delphine L. Chen、Qi Wang、David E. Reichert、Justin Rothfuss、Andre D'Avignon、Michael J. Welch、Robert H. Mach

  DOI：10.1039/b819024k

  日期：——

  The radiolabeled isatin sulfonamide caspase-3 inhibitor, [18F]2 (WC-II-89), is a potential PET radiotracer for noninvasive imaging of apoptosis. The radiolabeling mechanism was studied by 13C NMR, ESI/MS, and computational calculations. It was found that the high electrophilicity of the C3 carbonyl group in the isatin ring, which served as a trap for [18F]fluoride, was responsible for the failure of the radiolabeling via nucleophilic substitution of the mesylate group in 7a by [18F]fluoride. Once treated with a strong base, 7a opened the isatin ring completely to form an isatinate intermediate 16, which lost the ability to trap [18F]fluoride, thereby allowing the displacement of the mesylate group to afford the 18F-labeled isatinate 17. [18F]17 can be converted to isatin [18F]2 efficiently under acidic conditions. The ring-opening and re-closure of the isatin ring under basic and acidic conditions were confirmed by reversed phase HPLC analysis, ESI/MS and 13C NMR studies. Computational studies of model compounds also support the above proposed mechanism. Similarly, the ring-opening and re-closure method was used successfully in the synthesis of the 11C labeled isatin sulfonamide analogue [11C]4 (WC-98). A microPET imaging study using [11C]4 in the Fas liver apoptosis model demonstrated retained activity in the target organ (liver) of the treated mice. Increased caspase-3 activation in the liver was verified by the fluorometric caspase-3 enzyme assay. Therefore, this study provides a useful method for radio-synthesis of isatin derivative radiotracers for PET and SPECT studies, and [11C]4 is a potential PET radiotracer for noninvasive imaging of apoptosis.

  放射性标记的isatin磺酰胺类caspase-3抑制剂[18F]2 (WC-II-89)是一种潜在的PET放射性示踪剂，可用于细胞凋亡的无创成像。研究人员通过 13C NMR、ESI/MS 和计算对其放射性标记机制进行了研究。研究发现，isatin 环中 C3 羰基的亲电性很高，是[18F]氟化物的捕获物，这也是 7a 中的甲磺酸基团被[18F]氟化物亲核取代而导致放射性标记失败的原因。经强碱处理后，7a 完全打开了异汀环，形成了异汀酸酯中间体 16，该中间体失去了捕获[18F]氟化物的能力，从而使间苯二甲酸酯基团发生位移，得到了 18F 标记的异汀酸酯 17。在酸性条件下，[18F]17 可以高效地转化为异汀[18F]2。反相 HPLC 分析、ESI/MS 和 13C NMR 研究证实了在碱性和酸性条件下异atin 环的开环和再闭环。对模型化合物的计算研究也支持上述机制。同样，开环和再闭环法也被成功用于合成 11C 标记的靛红磺酰胺类似物 [11C]4 (WC-98)。在 Fas 肝细胞凋亡模型中使用 [11C]4 进行的 microPET 成像研究表明，经处理的小鼠的靶器官（肝脏）中保留了[11C]4 的活性。肝脏中激活的 Caspase-3 增加通过荧光法 Caspase-3 酶测定得到了验证。因此，这项研究为 PET 和 SPECT 研究提供了一种放射性合成异汀衍生物放射性示踪剂的有用方法，[11C]4 是一种潜在的 PET 放射性示踪剂，可用于细胞凋亡的无创成像。