Structure–property relationships in dicyanopyrazinoquinoxalines and their hydrogen-bonding-capable dihydropyrazinoquinoxalinedione derivatives
摘要:
Presented here is the design, synthesis, and study of a variety of novel hydrogen-bonding-capable π-conjugated N-heteroacenes, 1,4-dihydropyrazino[2,3-b]quinoxaline-2,3-diones (DPQDs). The DPQDs were accessed from the corresponding weakly hydrogen-bonding dicyanopyrazinoquinoxaline (DCPQ) suspensions with excess potassium hydroxide, resulting in moderate to good yields. Both families of compounds were analyzed by UV–vis and NMR spectroscopy, where the consequences of hydrogen bonding capability could be assessed through the structure–property studies. Conversion of the DCPQs into hydrogen-bonding capable DPQDs results in modulation of frontier MO energies, higher molar extinction coefficients, enhanced crystallinity, and on-average higher thermal stability (where in some cases the 5% weight loss temperature is increased by up to 100 °C). Single crystal X-ray diffraction data could be obtained for three DPQDs. One reveals pairwise hydrogen bonding in the solid state as well as a herringbone packing arrangement rendering it a promising candidate for additional studies in the context of organic optoelectronic devices.
A series of the title dicyanopyrazinoquinoxaline derivatives have been prepared and characterized by using single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and redox potential measurements. They have strong electron-accepting properties due to the pyrazinopyrazine skeletons as well as the cyano groups. Substituents can be easily introduced at the benzene ring and control the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and the molecular packing. They show clear n-type transistor properties in the FET devices.
RIED, WALTER;TSIOTIS, GEORGIOS, LIEBIGS ANN. CHEM.,(1988) N2, C. 1197-1199