Catalysis of transesterification reactions by lanthanides Unprecedented acceleration of methanolysis of aryl and alkyl esters promoted by La(OTf)<sub>3</sub> at neutral <sub>s</sub><sup>s</sup>pH and ambient temperatures
作者:Alexei A. Neverov、Todd McDonald、Graham Gibson、R.S. Brown
DOI:10.1139/cjc-79-11-1704
日期:——
La3+ catalysis of the methanolysis of the esters p-nitrophenyl, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, and phenyl acetate (1-3), phenyl benzoate (4), and ethyl, i-propyl, cyclohexyl, and tert-butyl acetate (5, 6a, 6b, 7) was studied at 25 degreesC as a function of (s)(s)pH and [La(OTf)(3)]. The active form of the catalyst is attributed to a dimethoxy-bridged dimer of stoichiometry (La3+)(2)(OCH3)(2), having maximum activity at (s)(s)pH 8 to 9. For preparative reactions, the active catalyst can be made in situ simply by adding 0.01 equiv of La(OTf)(3), and 0.01 equiv of NaOCH3 to a methanol solution containing the ester (1 M). Strong catalysis of methanolysis of both aryl and alkyl esters was observed, although tert-butyl acetate was inert. At (s)(s)pH 8.5, where the catalyst is maximally active, the transesterification reactions are accelerated by 40 000-fold to 18 000 000-fold in the presence of as little as 5 mM catalyst relative to the background reaction depending on the ester structure. A mechanism for catalysis of transesterification is presented wherein the reactive species is generated by breaking a single La-OCH3 bond of the dimethoxy-bridged dimer to reveal a nucleophilic metal-bound methoxide - Lewis acid La3+ electrophilic pair.