Cyanation of Aryl Bromides with K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] Catalyzed by Dichloro[bis{1-(dicyclohexylphosphanyl)piperidine}]palladium, a Molecular Source of Nanoparticles, and the Reactions Involved in the Catalyst-Deactivation Processes
作者:Roman Gerber、Miriam Oberholzer、Christian M. Frech
DOI:10.1002/chem.201102936
日期:2012.3.5
efficiently converted various electronically activated, nonactivated, and deactivated aryl bromides, which may contain fluoride atoms, trifluoromethane groups, nitriles, acetals, ketones, aldehydes, ethers, esters, amides, as well as heterocyclic aryl bromides, such as pyridines and their derivatives, or thiophenes into their respective aromatic nitriles with K4[Fe(CN)6] as a cyanating agent within 24 h in
二氯[双1-(二环己基)哌啶}]合钯[(P (NC 5 H ^ 10)(C 6 H ^ 11)2 })2的PdCl 2 ](1)是一种高活性和通常适用C C交叉偶联催化剂。除了在Suzuki,Heck和Neshishi反应中具有高催化活性外,化合物1还可以有效地转换各种电子活化,非活化和失活的芳基溴化物,这些芳基溴化物可能包含氟原子,三氟甲烷基团,腈,缩醛,酮,醛,醚,酯,酰胺,以及杂环芳基溴化物,例如吡啶及其衍生物在只有0.05 mol%催化剂的情况下,在140°C的NMP中,在24 h内将K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ]作为氰化剂,将噻吩或噻吩转化为其各自的芳族腈。催化剂失活过程表明,当涉及纳米颗粒时,过量的氰化物有效地影响了分子机理并抑制了催化作用,这是由于形成了惰性的氰化物络合物,例如[Pd(CN)4 ] 2−,[(CN)3Pd(H)] 2-和[(CN)3 Pd(Ar)] 2-