13C and1H NMR study of structure and structural dynamics of tautomeric 2-ethoxycarbonylthiolane-3-thiones
作者:Fritz Duus
DOI:10.1002/mrc.1260270810
日期:1989.8
2-Ethoxycarbonylthiolane-3-thione (1) and its 5-methyl, 5-phenyl, 5,5-dimethyl and 4,5-dimethyl derivatives (2–5) were studied in solution by 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy, using solvents of various polarity. Compounds 1–4 exist entirely in the tautomeric (Z)-enethiol form, i.e. they are in fact 2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-mercapto-4,5-dihydrothiophenes (1C-4C), apparently irrespective of their molecular surroundings. Compound 5 exists predominantly as the pair of enantiomeric (and hence NMR-indistinguishable) 2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-mercapto-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrothiophenes having a trans location of their ring-methyl groups, i.e. 5C(4R, 5R) and 5C(4S, 5S). The diastereomeric counterparts 5C(4R, 5S)/5C(4S, 5R) are observable as minor constituents, co-existing with the former in a double two-step equilibrium system, involving tautomeric 2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-mercapto-4,5-dimethyl-2,5-dihydrothiophenes as intermediates. The 13C chemical shifts of C-4 and C-5 of the unsubstituted and mono- and di-methyl-substituted 4,5-dihydrothiophenes (1C, 2C, 4C, 5C) are describable in terms of additive methyl-substituent shielding. The observed solvent-induced displacement of the mercapto proton chemical shift is interpreted in terms of the solvent's ability to effect pertubation of the intramolecular S—H ⃛O hydrogen bonding. Vicinal couplings between ring protons at C-4 and C-5 are influenced by substitution at C-4 and C-5, and also by the nature (polarity) of the solvent used. The measured coupling constants have been rationalized in terms of the conformational mobility of the 4,5-dihydrothiophene framework. A methyl group at C-5 has little significance for conformational preference. A phenyl group at C-5 preferentially occupies the near-equatorial position. The conformational equilibrium of the trans-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrothiophenes 5C(4R, 5R)/5C(4S, 5S) apparently depends on the solvent's polarity, a more polar solvent favouring the conformer having near-diaxial methyl groups.
使用不同极性的溶剂,通过 13C 和 1H NMR 光谱研究了溶液中的 2-乙氧羰基巯基-3-硫酮(1)及其 5-甲基、5-苯基、5,5-二甲基和 4,5- 二甲基衍生物(2-5)。化合物 1-4 完全以同分异构体 (Z)-enethiol 形式存在,即它们实际上是 2-乙氧羰基-3-巯基-4,5-二氢噻吩(1C-4C),显然与它们的分子环境无关。化合物 5 主要是一对对映体(因此 NMR 无法区分),即 5C(4R,5R)和 5C(4S,5S)。非对映异构体 5C(4R,5S)/5C(4S,5R) 是可观察到的次要成分,与前者共存于一个双两步平衡体系中,中间产物包括同分异构体 2-乙氧羰基-3-巯基-4,5-二甲基-2,5-二氢噻吩。 未取代的以及一甲基和二甲基取代的 4,5- 二氢噻吩(1C、2C、4C、5C)的 C-4 和 C-5 的 13C 化学位移可以用甲基取代基的加成屏蔽来描述。 观察到的溶剂诱导的巯基质子化学位移位移是通过溶剂对分子内 S-H ⃛O 氢键的扰动来解释的。 C-4 和 C-5 处环状质子之间的毗连偶联受 C-4 和 C-5 处的取代以及所用溶剂的性质(极性)的影响。根据 4,5-二氢噻吩框架的构象流动性,测得的耦合常数是合理的。位于 C-5 的甲基对构象偏好的影响很小。位于 C-5 的苯基优先占据近赤道位置。反式-4,5-二甲基-4,5-二氢噻吩 5C(4R,5R)/5C(4S,5S)的构象平衡显然取决于溶剂的极性,极性较强的溶剂有利于具有近轴甲基的构象。