Tmax, Healthy subjects: 2 - 4 hours; Cmax, Healthy subjects, 30 mg: 374 ng/mL; Cmax, Healthy subjects, 90 mg: 418 ng/mL; Cmax, heart failure patients, 30 mg: 460 ng/mL; Cmax, heart failure patients, 90 mg: 723 ng/mL; AUC(0-24 hours), 60 mg: 3.71 μg·h/mL; AUC(∞), 60 mg: 4.55 μg·h/mL; The pharmacokinetic properties of tolvaptan are stereospecific, with a steady-state ratio of the S-(-) to the R-(+) enantiomer of about 3. The absolute bioavailability of tolvaptan is unknown. At least 40% of the dose is absorbed as tolvaptan or metabolites. Food does not impact the bioavailability of tolvaptan.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
消除途径
粪便 - 极少通过肾脏排泄(小于1%未经改变在尿液中排出)
Fecal- very little renal elimination (<1% is excreted unchanged in the urine)
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
分布容积
健康受试者:3L/kg;心衰患者略高。
Healthy subjects: 3L/kg; slightly higher in heart failure patients.
An Efficient Synthesis of Optical Isomers of Vasopressin V2 Receptor Antagonist OPC-41061 by Lipase-catalyzed Enantioselective Transesterification
摘要:
The optically active enantiomers of 7-chloro-5-hydroxy-1-[2-methyl-4-(2-methylbenzoylamino)benzoyl] -2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepine (OPC-41061, 1) were enantioselectively synthesized. The chiral acetate ((R)-(-)-3) and the chiral alcohol ((S)-(+)-2) were prepared via the resolution of the racemic alcohol ((+/-)-2) using the lipase-mediated transesterification with vinyl acetate. Compounds ((R)-(-)-3) and ((S)-(+)-2) were converted to optically active 1.
Efficient Docking–Migration Strategy for Selective Radical Difluoromethylation of Alkenes
作者:Jiajia Yu、Zhen Wu、Chen Zhu
DOI:10.1002/anie.201811346
日期:2018.12.21
Radical‐mediated difunctionalization of alkenes is a powerful tactic for olefin utilization. However, the transformation of unactivated alkenes still remains a formidable challenge. Now a conceptually new docking–migration strategy is presented for the difunctionalization of alkenes with photoredox catalysis. Both activated and unactivated alkenes are suitable substrates. A vast array of functional
作者:Kumiko Yamamoto、Jiakun Li、Jeffrey A. O. Garber、Julian D. Rolfes、Gregory B. Boursalian、Jannik C. Borghs、Christophe Genicot、Jérôme Jacq、Maurice van Gastel、Frank Neese、Tobias Ritter
DOI:10.1038/nature25749
日期:2018.2
such as increased metabolic stability or better blood–brain-barrier penetration, may become available. Here we describe an approach to catalysis and the resulting development of an undirected, palladium-catalysed method for aromatic C–H fluorination using mild electrophilic fluorinating reagents. The reaction involves a mode of catalysis that is unusual in aromatic C–H functionalization because no organometallic
Auris Formulations for Treating Otic Diseases and Conditions
申请人:Otonomy, Inc.
公开号:US20160228357A1
公开(公告)日:2016-08-11
Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for the treatment of otic disorders with immunomodulating agents and auris pressure modulators. In these methods, the auris compositions and formulations are administered locally to an individual afflicted with an otic disorder, through direct application of the immunomodulating and/or auris pressure modulating compositions and formulations onto the auris media and/or auris interna target areas, or via perfusion into the auris media and/or auris interna structures.